The Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and
Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do
Pará) (1994)
Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities (1999)
The Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities (1999)
46. The American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) is the framework
human convention of the OAS. It contains primarily civil and political
rights similar to the ICCPR.
Implementation Mechanisms
47. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights are the two organs that are mandated
to monitor the implementation of the rights guaranteed under the
Convention. The supervisory system provided by the Convention is
legally binding only on the states parties to it.
48. The competence of the Inter-American Commission includes the
power to:
Receive and investigate individual complaints or petitions alleging
violations of the rights guaranteed under the American Declaration
or the American Convention. There is no requirement of specific
recognition of the competence of the Commission by the state
concerned.
Refer cases to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights under the
American Convention and appear before the Court.
Request advisory opinions from the Court on questions of
interpretation of the American Convention.
Monitor the human rights situation in member states, carry out
country visits and publish special reports.
49. With respect to the individual complaints mechanism, the petitioner does
not have to be the victim or persons/organisation acting on his/her behalf.
Any ‘person or group of persons, or any non-governmental entity
established in one or more member States’ may submit petitions to the
Commission.
50. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is the principal judicial organ
established by the American Convention. The Court is a part time body
composed of seven judges elected for a term of six years who may be
re-elected once. It has its seat in San José, Costa Rica.
51. The Inter-American Court has both an advisory and contentious
jurisdiction:
Advisory Jurisdiction: the Court’s Advisory Jurisdiction extends to
requests for an advisory opinion submitted by all OAS member
states, including those who are not parties to the American
Convention or did not recognise the Court’s jurisdiction. The request
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