28. The key human rights instruments of the Council of Europe are21:      European Convention for the Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (ECHR), 1950 and 14 Protocols; European Social Charter (ESC), 1961, Additional Protocol of 1988, Amending Protocol of 1991, Additional Protocol of 1995 providing for a system of collective complaints; The European Social Charter is gradually being 'replaced' (for those States which have ratified it) by the Revised European Social Charter (Strasbourg, 3 May 1996, entered into force 1 July 1999); European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1987 (and 2 Protocols of 1993); Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, 1995. 29. The Council of Europe framework distinguishes between civil and political rights and economic and social rights. Civil and political rights are contained within the ECHR while economic and social rights are in the European Social Charter. 30. The ECHR is the cornerstone of the Council of Europe system for the protection of human rights. All member States of the Council of Europe must be parties to the ECHR. 31. Many of the rights enshrined in ECHR are the same as those contained within the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). 32. The rights guaranteed under the ECHR have been supplemented by subsequent Protocols:       Protocol No. 1, 1952: right to property, education and free elections. Protocol No. 4, 1963: freedom of movement; prohibition of expulsion of nationals; prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens. Protocol No. 6, 1983: abolition of death penalty. Protocol No. 7, 1984: safeguards in relation to the expulsion of aliens; right of appeal to a higher court against conviction or sentence in criminal matters; compensation for wrongful conviction; protection against double jeopardy; equality of spouses during and on dissolution of marriage. Protocol No. 12, 2000: non-discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, and association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. The Protocol entered into force on 4 April 2005. Protocol No. 13, 2002: abolition of death penalty in all circumstances. 21 There are many other Conventions addressing particular human rights violations such Violence Against Women and Trafficking in Human Beings. 15