Teaching 11. Parents have the right to choose the religious or moral education of their children.974 This may require that teaching is provided in religion or ethics ‘in a neutral and objective way’.975 Employment 12. In relation to military service it has been held that military discipline implies by its very nature the possibility of placing certain limitations on the rights and freedoms of members of the Armed Forces which could not be imposed on civilians.976 Similarly in cases where professional obligations required individuals to work on Sundays for Christians or Friday afternoon for Muslims, there was no violation of the right to manifest religions belief.977 However, where a person is forced to disclose their religious affiliation in order to join a profession, such as where a lawyer was forced to admit that he was not a member of the Orthodox Church when he refused to take a religious oath, the right will be violated.978 Criminalising causing offence to religious beliefs 13. In relation to protecting the religious rights of others, the Human Rights Committee has observed that the State ‘should extend its criminal legislation to cover offences motivated by religious hatred and should take other steps to ensure that all persons are protected from discrimination on account of their religious beliefs’.979 14. The UN human rights bodies have paid particular attention to the issue of religious hatred.980 Collective religious hatred, namely those directed towards a particular group or individual, will violate Article 18 UDHR, Article18 ICCPR and other instruments.981 974 Article 18(4) ICCPR. General Comment para 6. See also Communication R.9/40, Hartikainen v Finland, UN Doc.A/36/40. 976 Yanasik v Turkey, 6 January 1993. 977 European Court, Khan v UK, 4 October 2000; Stedman v UK, [1997] 23 EHRR 168. 978 European Court, Alexandridis v Greece, 21 Feb 2008. 979 CCPR/CO/73/UK, para.14 (2001) 980 E.g. Report of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, A/HRC/25/58, 26 Dec 2013. 981 Report of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, A/HRC/25/58, 26 Dec 2013, para 18. 975 154