Part II Preventing torture: NHRIs in action | Section IV Cross-cutting actions 3. NHRIs designated as NPM 3.1. Different NPM structures There are three different ways in which NHRIs have been designated as NPMs under the Optional Protocol. 3.1.1. NHRI as the sole NPM This option can be found in the different regions in the world. Americas Ombudsman of Costa Rica, National Human Rights Commission of Mexico Africa Human Rights Commission of Mali, National Human Rights Commission of Mauritius Asia Human Rights Commission of the Maldives Europe Ombudsperson’s office in Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland 3.1.2. NHRI as the NPM, in coordination with others Under this model, the NHRI is officially designated as the NPM but conducts its mandate in formal cooperation with others, in particular with civil society organizations. This model is commonly referred to as the ‘Ombudsman +’ structure. In Slovenia, the tasks and powers of the NPM are carried out by the Human Rights Ombudsman, in cooperation with NGOs. In accordance with the legislation, NGOs registered in Slovenia can participate in carrying out inspections in places of where people are deprived of their liberty. The participating NGOs are selected by the Ombudsman on the basis of a public tender and a cooperation contract is signed between the Ombudsman and each NGO. 3.1.3. NHRI designated one of several NPMs States have the possibility to designate several NPMs, either on a regional or thematic basis. Under this model, the NHRI can be one of several NPMs and may also act as a coordinating body. In New Zealand, the following bodies have been designated as NPMs: the Ombudsman, the Independent Police Conduct Authority, the Children’s Commissioner and the Inspector of Service Penal Establishments. The New Zealand Human Rights Commission has been given the coordinating role as the Central National Preventive Mechanism. In Sweden, the Parliamentary Ombudsmen and the Chancellor of Justice have both been designated as NPMs. 3.2. Specific challenges faced by NHRIs designated as NPM Designating an existing NHRI as a NPM raises specific challenges in terms of the organization’s resources, mandate and composition. 3.2.1. Resources According to the Optional Protocol, States should make available the necessary resources for the effective functioning of the NPM. Designating an existing NHRI as the NPM should not be viewed by Chapter 10: NHRIs and the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture | 101