1.6 Incarceration densities and over-occupation of penal institutions Statistical data used by prison authorities, total number of prisoners at any given time and operational capacity of institutions, enable them to calculate an "incarceration density" defined as the comparison between these two indicators (numbers present per 100 operational places). The density for all institutions – 118 on 1 December 2016 – has no great significance as the indicator varies a great deal according to the type of institution: 91 for detention centres and detention centre wings, 72 for long-stay prisons and long-stay prison wings, 66 for institutions for minors, whilst for remand prisons and remand prison wings the average density was 141. Additionally this average by type of institution includes variations within each category: - of the 94 sentencing institutions, only 15 had a density higher than 100, including 5 detention centre wings in overseas territories and 6 open prisons (4) and centres for adjusted sentences (2) in Ile-de-France. In Mainland France this overoccupation concerned 928 detainees. - of the 131 remand prisons and remand prison wings, 18 had a density lower than or equal to 100 and 112 had a density greater than 100, of which 41 had a density higher than 150. Four remand prisons and remand prison wings exceeded 200, i.e. a population of prisoners more than double the number of operational places (two in mainland France and two overseas). Over-occupation of prison institutions is therefore limited to remand prisons by application of numerus clausus to sentencing institutions which are a little below declared operating capacity. For remand prisons, the increase in operational capacity (+ 2,008 places between 1 January 2005 and 1 January 2015) was less than that of the number of prisoners (+3,742) and density is therefore higher in 2015 than in 2005. Over-occupation of an institution has consequences for all prisoners in it, even if some cells have normal occupation (new arrivals wing, solitary confinement wing, etc.). It is therefore relevant to note the proportion of prisoners based on the percentage of occupation of the remand prison where they are. On 1 January 2015, the majority were affected by this situation of overoccupation (65%); a half of detainees in remand prisons or remand prison wings were in institutions where the density was greater than or equal to 150. Reference: "Statistiques pénitentiaires et parc carcéral, entre désencombrement et suroccupation (1996-2012)" (“Prison statistics and total incarceration, between clearance and over occupation (1996-2012)”), Criminocorpus, 2014 (http://criminocorpus.revues.org/2734). 137