- an inter-UMD (unit for difficult psychiatric patients) day organised by the hospital centre of the Pays d'Eygurande on solitary confinement and restraint in mental health institutions; - the symposium "Elderly prisoners" organised by the Prison Administration Department and Public Interest Group (GIP) Law and Justice research mission; - the symposium "Children in detention" organised by the Institut François Gény in partnership with the Nancy Faculty of Law; - the national days of the Association of institutions participating in public mental health service (ADSEM). Over the course of 2016, the CGLPL will thus have taken part in some fifty symposia, congresses and conferences organised by associations, professional or university training institutes. Around ten of these took place in international, inter-governmental or non-governmental bodies. 1.5 International relations Several landmark events with a bearing on the prevention of torture in France and worldwide occurred in 2016. Entering into force on 22 June 2006, the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT) marked its tenth anniversary. This original treaty forges a triangular relationship between States, the National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) which exercises internal oversight over places of deprivation of liberty, and the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (SPT) which exercises external oversight. Although this two-tier level of oversight sparked some hesitation during the treaty's adoption, it is now presented as being a particularly operational model: in 2016, 83 countries have ratified the OPCAT, 63 countries have designated a NPM and the SPT has conducted 51 visits worldwide. The Association for the Prevention of Torture (APT), which had been actively appealing since 1976 for such an international treaty to be founded, wanted to celebrate this anniversary. The CGLPL contributed to its OPCAT +10 campaign, aimed at promoting the progress achieved worldwide by NPMs through their preventive visits or mobilisation to obtain legislative headway to guarantee the respect of prisoners' rights. The Chief Inspector played a key part in launching the study "Torture prevention does work!", conducted over a three-year period by twenty researchers looking back over the past thirty years across sixteen countries and analysing the factors that have helped to reduce the use of torture. Such international stakeholders as the President and Secretary-General of the APT, a renowned researcher in the field of human rights and the Secretary-General of the United Nations Committee against Torture (CAT) also took part in this event. At European level, an annual meeting of NPMs from the OSCE region was organised in partnership with the APT with a view to marking this special anniversary. This was an opportunity for former or newly formed NPMs to meet and take stock, for the first time, of their efforts, to share their experiences and to discuss what challenges still lie a head. Furthermore, the Chief Inspectorate took part in a symposium organised by the National Torture Prevention Body in Tunisia (INPT) on best practices and challenges associated with implementing the OPCAT, organised on the anniversary of the adoption of the OPCAT by the United Nations General Assembly. The aim of this symposium was to discuss best practices and establish a framework for collaboration between NPMs. 91