7 Introduction Since 2011, the Parliamentary Ombudsmen has discharged the duties as National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) in accordance with the Optional Protocol to the UN’s Torture Convention (OPCAT). In order to complete this task, the Parliamentary Ombudsmen is assisted by a specific unit, the OPCAT unit. The unit’s main task is to carry out inspections on behalf of the Parliamentary Ombudsmen, at locations where individuals are, or may be, deprived of their liberty. The office of the Parliamentary Ombudsmen form a pillar of parliamentary control in Sweden. The office was established in 1809 as part of the new constitution that was adopted that year. The Parliamentary Ombudsmen ensure that courts of law and public authorities abide by the constitution’s requirement on objectivity and impartiality and that an individual’s basic freedoms and rights are not infringed. The office’s supervision is primarily focused on processing complaints from the general public and through inspections. The processing of complaints is the predominant task of the office, but the Parliamentary Ombudsmen also carries out 20–30 inspections, on a yearly basis. Inspections of locations where individuals are deprived of their liberty, such as prison establishments, have always been an important part of the Parliamentary Ombudsmen’s assignment. Over the seven years that the Parliamentary Ombudsmen has discharged the duties of NPM, the OPCAT unit has carried out 167 inspections of locations where individuals are deprived of their liberty. An initial report summarising the 2011–2014 inspection period was presented in 2016. This is the second report in the series and summarises the 58 inspections that took place during 2015–2017. The report highlight statements made, during inspections over the last year, by the Parliamentary Ombudsmen. The report is divided into six sections. The first section contains a general description of the OPCAT unit’s operations. The second section contains statistics on completed inspections. The third section contains statement made, divided on the basis of the inspection areas, i.e., police custody facilities, remand prisons and prison establishments, Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) and Care of Abusers Act (LVM) residential homes, compulsory psychiatric care and migration detention. The fourth to sixth sections contain descriptions of the three themes of the unit, during this period. The three themes are deprivation of liberty of females (section 4), information and rights of individuals deprived of their liberty (section 5) and supervision of individuals deprived of their liberty (section 6).