32.The Committee notes with satisfaction that there are no reported cases of torture or political prisoners in the State party. 33.The Committee welcomes the recent legislative, administrative and institutional developments that took place in the State party since the consideration of its previous periodic report, namely: (a)The bill for the amendment of the Ratification Law making the subjection to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment as described in article 16 of the Convention a criminal offence, and providing for the presumption of ill treatment if it is ascertained by medical examination that the person detained bears external injuries which were not present at the time of arrest; (b)The adoption of the Protection of Witnesses Law by the Parliament with a view to securing anonymity of witnesses; (c)The adoption of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence; (d)The enactment of a new law in 2000 for the suppression of trafficking in persons and of the sexual exploitation of children; (e)The abolition of the death penalty; (f)The amendment of the Aliens and Immigration Law to provide additional protection to persons claiming refugee status; (g)The enactment of a new law for the payment of adequate compensation; (h)The decision of the Council of Ministers to empower the Attorney General to appoint criminal investigators to investigate allegations of criminal conduct by police; (i)The new measures taken to give effect to the newly adopted Psychiatric Treatment Law; (j)The improvement and renovation of prison facilities; (k)The establishment of a national institution for the promotion and protection of human rights; (l)The establishment of a Police Human Rights Office to receive and investigate complaints of human rights violations by police officers; (m)The introduction of a programme for the training of judges of first instance courts in the field of human rights. C. Subjects of concern 34.Although there is a generally positive trend regarding the treatment of detained persons by police, the existence of some cases of ill-treatment require that the authorities remain vigilant. E. Recommendations 35. The Committee commends the State party for its ongoing efforts to ensure the effective implementation of the Convention, appreciates the work done so far and calls upon the State party to continue these efforts. 36. The Committee recommends that the State party widely disseminate the Committee’s conclusions and recommendations, in all appropriate languages, in the country. EGYPT 37.The Committee considered the fourth periodic report of Egypt (CAT/C/55/Add.6) at its 532nd and 535th meetings, held on 13 and 14 November 2002 (CAT/C/SR.532 and 535), and adopted the following conclusions and recommendations. A. Introduction 38.The Committee welcomes the submission of the fourth periodic report of Egypt, which was submitted on time and in full conformity with the Committee’s guidelines for the preparation of periodic reports. The Committee also welcomes the open dialogue with the representatives of the State party during the oral examination of the report and the additional information submitted by them. The Committee notes that the report contains very useful information regarding the adoption of new legislation aiming at the implementation and dissemination of the Convention. B. Positive aspects 39.The Committee welcomes the following: (a)The enactment of legislation banning flogging as a disciplinary penalty for prisoners; (b)Circular letter No. 11 of 1999 regulating the procedures for the unannounced inspections which the Department of Public Prosecutions has an obligation to conduct in places of detention, particularly if it receives written or verbal reports or notifications indicating that a person is being held illegally at a police station or other place of detention; (c)Decisions taken by the Egyptian courts to refuse any confession made under duress as evidence; (d)The efforts of the State party to give greater emphasis to human rights training of law enforcement officials and public servants;