E. Key terminology Briefing: A brief, cursory and introductory overview of a single topic. The purpose is to introduce the audience to some basic concepts with respect to a given subject. Seminar: An organized exchange of views, ideas and knowledge on a particular topic or set of related topics. The purpose is to bring together various persons, usually (relatively) equal in their degree of expertise, each of whom is to contribute to an examination of the subject from his or her own professional, ideological, academic or official position. Workshop: A training exercise in which participants work together to study a particular subject and, in the process, create a “product”, such as a declaration, joint paper, plan of action, set of rules, written policy or code of conduct. The purpose is thus twofold: learning and the development of a “product”. Training course: An organized training exercise, designed to allow “trainers” to impart knowledge and skills and to influence the attitudes of “trainees” or “participants”. It may either be interactive (as in the OHCHR approach described above) or follow a “teacher-student” lecture model, or it may be a combination of both. Whichever model they follow, training courses are a highly intensive method of learning. F. Adapting courses to challenging field conditions 43. OHCHR has conducted training under widely varying field conditions, in countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and Europe. Available facilities have varied in terms of physical conditions, infrastructure and technology, such that one course may have been conducted in a state-of-the-art, climate-controlled and electronically equipped modern conference centre, another on the roof of a supply building and still another in an open field. 44. Persons organizing training under the approach set out in this Trainer’s Guide must therefore take into account the setting in which the training will be offered when selecting appropriate methodology and materials, determining numbers of trainees and drafting programmes. For example, the duration of sessions will be affected by temperature and weather for outdoor courses, or courses where fans, heaters or other climate-control devices are not available. Where temperature is a factor, the timing of courses will also be affected. Similarly, flip charts and handouts must be used where electricity is not available for overhead transparency or slide projection. 45. If interpretation is required, the lack of facilities for simultaneous interpretation will necessitate the use of consecutive interpretation, which will cut the productive time of course sessions by half. The lack of desks or tables will mean that more printed materials will be required for distribution, as note-taking may be impractical. Finally, if the training has to be conducted in the workplace of the target audience, owing to a 19