Points to be highlighted/suggested areas for discussion: 39. – Exercise is frequently associated with fresh air, but it is possible for quite strenuous cardiovascular exercise to be taken in a small, enclosed area; 39. – The essential element is the enthusiasm of staff to create a fitness programme; 39. – The prison management should provide training for staff given this task, to ensure safety and also to allow the exercise periods to be included in the daily timetable; 39. – Equipment can often be home-made, but organizations in the community and non-governmental organizations might be willing to donate items for use in the prisoners’ exercise class; 39. – Security measures should never be more than is necessary. A new audit might show that some areas considered unsafe could, in fact, be used by a number of prisoners without compromising security; 39. – When this is not the case, it might be possible to provide limited access for higher-security prisoners with extra staff on duty. CASE STUDIES Methodology: The trainees should remain in groups. Each group should be given one case study to work on. It will be necessary to report back to the assembled group, so a spokesperson should be appointed. Points to be highlighted/suggested areas for discussion: CASE STUDY 1 39. – This task requires some imagination. Paper and coloured pencils should be issued in order that the presentation might be both enlightening and entertaining; 39. – The exercise yard is to be seen as a space which could be divided into activity areas; 39. – A range of exercise equipment could be placed strategically for use by prisoners; 39. – Arrangements will need to be made for safe use of any equipment; 39. – Exercise plans can be made that require very little specialist equipment, if providing it is a problem; 39. – This is also a timetabling exercise: in order for all prisoners to receive at least the amount of exercise they are entitled to every day, and young prisoners a more exacting programme, it is necessary to keep the one available space working all day; 39. – Prison staff shift patterns might need to be altered in order to achieve this; 39. – The imperative is to achieve the international standard, hence the need to think creatively. 78