C HAPTER 15. S ECURITY OBJECTIVE The judicial authorities should send to prison only those men and women who have committed such serious offences that imprisonment is the only reasonable punishment or those from whom the public must be protected. The objective of this chapter is to show that, within that context, prison staff have a clear responsibility to protect the public by ensuring that prisoners do not escape from lawful custody. ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLES Use of force, including use of firearms, to prevent escape should be employed only when less extreme means are insufficient to prevent the escape. Restraints may be used as a precaution against escape during transfer for no longer than strictly necessary, provided that they are removed when the prisoner appears before a judge or administrative authority, or on medical grounds. Instruments of restraint shall never be applied as a punishment. Chains and irons shall not be used as restraints. These principles should be presented visually and remain on display throughout the session. BASIS IN INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS Exercise: Using the Compilation of Instruments, the trainees should work in pairs in order to discover the basis for each of these principles. They should be asked to report back. IMPLICATIONS The important elements are the different levels of security and the concept of “dynamic security”. When presenting this section, it is necessary to encourage comment and questions from the trainees in order to assure yourself that the ideas have been thoroughly aired, understood and accepted. It may be that this is a very different way of doing things for some prison staff and they may be resistant to, or even threatened by, the ideas. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS These practical suggestions simplify the task that must be done to ensure recognition and implementation of the instruments. Encourage comment and understanding. 85