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A challenge for NPMs is to participate in building a widespread and shared
culture, oriented to the respect and promotion of human rights in which
all aspects and problems connected to isolation are present. This means
participating in the training of prison guards, medical staff, educators
and supervisory judges. Isolation can be the subject of specific training
modules prepared by the NPM, but it can also be the subject of discussion
at conventions and conferences. Cultural changes can lead to a reduction
of the use of isolation, even with unchanged regulations.
Awareness-raising actions are another angle to promote change regarding
the issue of solitary confinement. These actions are more effective if they
reach as many stakeholders as possible, such as doctors and judges, but
also influence wider public opinion, which is closely linked to political
decision-makers. For this reason, it is important to dedicate specific
resources to communication, make the contents as user-friendly as
possible, work on the accessibility of the NPM’s website, and invest
resources in the use of social networks. It can be useful also to inform
journalists, especially judicial reporters.142 Specific thematic reports or
chapters on solitary confinement in annual reports are also very useful to
draw attention to the topic and address its main issues.
Effective and systemic action also needs the support of a wide network
of actors that may include civil society organizations (CSOs) promoting
rights in the prison system. In addition to being a source of information
for NPMs, CSOs can be drivers of change through strategic litigation action
before national and international courts. Their field of action is distinct but
complementary to that of the NPM. Sometimes soft law instruments such
as EPR do not have concrete effects, but the rulings of the ECtHR, which
can be the result of a strategic litigation, can produce change. The network
could also include volunteers, health institutions or organizations (such as
organizations of doctors or nurses), associations of magistrates who oversee
the serving of the sentence, local ombudspersons and prison guards’unions.
These professionals can be used to identify situations of isolation that are
beyond the NPM's sight or that do not reach the NPM quickly enough.
142. For example, in Italy journalists are required to attend training courses each year.
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