43 3 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 3.3 RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS Example The Paris Principles state that NHRIs have the responsibility “[t]o submit to the government, parliament and any other competent body (…) opinions, recommendations, proposals and reports on any matters concerning the promotion and protection of human rights”, and may decide to publicize them. The reports may be general or on specific human rights matters. They may be directed at national officials or the international community. Examples at the international level include treaty body reporting and the Universal Periodic Review under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council. 23 Publications can focus on explaining the role of the NHRI and/or the national and international human rights framework. In 2012, the Polish Human Rights Defender commissioned sociological research to inform the upcoming Report on Violence against Elderly Women and Women with Disabilities. Performed by teams of social and health care workers, education officials and police officers, the report will assess the scope of violence against these groups, knowledge of relevant authorities about legal remedies available to victims, and the efficiency of the violenceprevention system. Most NHRIs are legally required to produce annual reports. This allows them to present their work to the parliament (or any other state institution or body to which they report), but it also presents an opportunity for the reports to be communicated to the public. Annual reports should provide, at a  minimum, statistics about complaints and/or investigations on a  sexdisaggregated basis, as well as analyses or overviews of the situation of women and/or gender equality in their states, or even at the regional level. Information can then be repackaged and communicated through targeted avenues and channels to women’s groups, NGOs and other parts of civil society, or to governments, as appropriate. In addition to annual reports, NHRIs can publish special and thematic reports on a  wide range of topics pertinent to women’s rights and gender equality. For example, NHRIs are well suited to bring reasoned 23 UN Principles relating to the status and functioning of national institutions for protection and promotion of human rights (the “Paris Principles”), Art. A (3)(a)(iii). Based on the findings of the report and consultations with relevant stakeholders, the Human Rights Defender will formulate and issue recommendations for the relevant public authorities.