BEWARE THE GIFT OF POISON FRUIT of information, because such agencies need to know the source in order to assess the value of the information. A ‘checklist of compliance’ with international law might also be adopted to assist parliamentary oversight mechanisms establish practices for police, security and intelligence services which significantly reduce the risk that torture will be used to extract information or that torture will result at the end of such cooperation. The development of normative guidance would be welcome, but additional safeguards to ensure compliance, such as independent oversight, would also be essential additional components to ensure its success. It is only through effective oversight that the implementation of standards can be assessed. Due to uncertainties over the specific application of general legal principles to the executive use of torture-tainted information, and the real practical challenges faced executive actors, further expert analysis is warranted. From such expert analysis, a clear set of principles and guidelines on the executive use of such information is recommended for development, which could serve to guide national policy, closing the international market for torture products and enabling States to avoid complicit liability for acts of torture committed overseas. 44