Child and youth welfare facilities XX  A reduction in group size in accordance with the socio-pedagogical findings is recommended. XX  In all Laender, children and adolescents should not be cared for in large facilities any more, but rather in small, family-like residential groups. XX  As competent authorities for child and youth welfare and protection, the Laender must ensure that restructuring processes do not come to a standstill before completion. 2.3.10 Different requirements for starting work in the Laender A focal point of the Federal Children’s and Youth Service Act 2013 was the professionalisation of the staff. Only qualified and suitable staff, in particular from the fields of social work, social education, psychology and psychotherapy, should be employed to work in child and youth welfare as intended by the legislators. This staff should be offered extra-occupational advance and further training as well as supervision on a regular basis. The staff must render their services in compliance with professional standards which are defined in detail by the Laender. Focal point of the reform not implemented Implementing laws adopted the regulation set forth in the Federal Fundamental Act according to which child and youth welfare services may only be rendered by qualified staff. However, the definition of who is qualified staff and under which conditions differs from Land to Land. For some Laender, these are exclusively graduates of colleges for social education and of universities of applied sciences with degrees in social work, as well as persons with university degrees in psychology, education or psychotherapy. In other Laender, kindergarten pedagogues, after-school staff, teachers, nurses, social workers, care staff for persons with disabilities, and youth workers are also recognised as qualified staff. Different definition of qualified staff Some Laender provide for extra-occupational qualification opportunities. In Burgenland and Vienna, persons who have no knowledge of education can work in socio-pedagogical shared accommodations if they begin their training in the first year of employment and complete this within five years. In Styria, they have to have completed two-thirds of their training before being allowed to work. The NPM considers these regulations to be extremely critical. What is even more difficult to understand is that an extra-occupational qualification is permissible for staff in socio-pedagogical and socio-psychiatric shared accommodations. In Vienna, these shared accommodations in which the most challenging children and adolescents live are run by private operators for example. They are free to hire staff who have not completed any pedagogic training. In the facilities of the Viennese Municipal Department 11 (MA 11), by contrast, only social pedagogues who have completed their training are allowed to work. No qualified personnel 77