Child and youth welfare facilities Facilities run under the child and youth welfare regime usually have substantially more resources than facilities that have to survive on the basis of daily rates for reception conditions under the Basic Provision Agreement and that can thus only implement lower standards. Furthermore, the Laender have also developed their own approach when it comes to the care of unaccompanied minor refugees. After visits by Commission 3 in Styria in recent years, the NPM criticised several times that the regional government authorised quarters for unaccompanied minor refugees exclusively as residential homes with a 1:15 staffing ratio unlike in other Laender where they are authorised predominantly as residential groups with a 1:10 staffing ratio. In larger facilities, this meant that the risk of many avoidable problems was accepted. A new Basic Welfare Support Act regulation in mid-2017 enabled Styria to at least draw level with other Laender with respect to staffing ratios. The benchmark for approved places was reduced from 40 to 30 and a somewhat higher daily rate for crisis care places was introduced. Throughout the country, there is a lack of special socio-therapeutic care places for unaccompanied minor refugees, which exist neither nationwide nor in sufficient numbers. NPM observed many deficiencies In 2017 the commissions noticed repeatedly that unaccompanied minor refugees with a seriously problematic background frequently changed facilities after a relatively short time. Despite clear indications of a mental illness requiring treatment or entrenched addictive behaviour, they showed no willingness to undergo psychiatric assessment or this was not performed due to a lack of services. Some of these unaccompanied minor refugees can only be accommodated in residential groups for a limited time before going missing again. It appears that it is not possible to build up a relationship using conventional concepts to those who are most in need of intensive support. The long waiting times for therapy places additionally thwart all efforts to counteract the risk behaviour. The NPM observed repeatedly that the needs of minors in reception conditions under the Basic Provision Agreement are not sufficiently met, even though the situation has improved considerably compared to 2015 due to the decrease in new arrivals. Nevertheless, the list of deficiencies observed in 2017 is long and shocking in parts. It must be emphasised, however, that the caregivers themselves perform their work with great dedication. Not enough qualified personnel 80 The management of facilities for unaccompanied minor refugees is responsible for providing a non-discriminatory and inclusive working environment. But it has to proactively prevent the potential work overload of the staff. It is indisputable that in many facilities not enough staff are employed or their qualifications are inadequate. There is rarely enough time to train in new members of staff. In extreme cases, as observed by Commission 4 in Vienna for example, this is limited to working one single shift with an experienced member of staff before taking over night shifts alone. The lack of pedagogic support concepts in the face of the imminent risk of radicalisation was also