FINDINGS OF THE MONITORING BY COURT TYPE COURTS OF DIFFERENT INSTANCES 55 In the course of trial monitoring the monitors visited: 1,400 390 955 (68 %) hearings in first instance courts; COURT HEARINGS 390 (28 %) hearings in courts of appeal; 955 55 hearings (4 %) in three high specialized courts and the Supreme Court of Ukraine. The findings of the monitoring showed, that the higher the instance – the fewer violations the monitors identified. ADHERENCE TO GENERAL RULES OF PROCEDURE According to the monitors, the judges conducted the hearings impeccably: • in first instance courts – in 45 % of cases; • in courts of appeal – 59 %, • in cassation courts and the Supreme Court – 85 %. The monitors detected gross violations in 5% of cases in first instance courts, and in 2% of cases considered in higher instances. The highest number of cases when judges considered the case without wearing a robe and a badge was noted in first instance courts – 16% of the monitored hearings. In courts of appeal this was noted in 9% of cases. Unlike lower level courts, the judges of the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the high specialized courts all wore robes and badges. OBSERVANCE OF THE PROCEDURE 100 80 5% 2% 2% 13% 50% 39% poor 60 85% 40 20 0 45% First instance courts average 59% impeccable Courts of appeal Cassation courts and the Supreme Court of Ukraine PUBLICITY Hearings schedules were posted: On the web-site: 36 • in 93% of cases, where monitoring was conducted in first instance courts, • in 98% of cases – in courts of appeal; • in 100% of cases – in high specialized courts and the Supreme Court of Ukraine. MONITORING OF ADHERENCE TO FAIR TRIAL STANDARDS IN UKRAINE