GENERAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS TO COURTS Pay attention to the need to hear cases in courtrooms whenever possible; Provide for complete transparency of work related to the consideration of cases: announce the consideration of a case, announce the composition of the court and the case even when this is not the first hearing; Put more effort into the observation of the rights of the defendant in criminal proceedings, address to the claims of the accused about the application to them of prohibited methods of influence during the investigation, make sure that these persons do not wear handcuffs; Provide for non-discrimination of the representatives of national minorities; Do not allow the conducting of trials without wearing a robe and a badge; Pay attention to observing the procedure for witness interrogation. TO THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF JUDGES OF UKRAINE Study the reasons for the widespread practice of postponements of trials and delays in starting the hearings, take them into account in developing/improving time-management training courses to allow the judges to react to these challenges; Introduce training courses for judges on mediation skills after studying the experience of the commercial courts regarding settlement; Study the reasons for violations of the rights of national minorities and organize courses for the judges of those courts where this problem is the most expedient. Report on the findings of the first trial monitoring programme in Ukraine 85