Jaarverslag 2016 contraband, the integrity of staff members and continued criminal activities during the detention period. Reducing the use of physical restraints in care facilities Some of the patients and clients in facilities for the handicapped or the elderly or in mental healthcare facilities may face restrictions of their freedom in the form of physical restraints or isolation. In view of the fact that such measures can have a negative impact on the quality of life, their use must be limited to a minimum. Care institutions in the Netherlands must prevent the use of such measures as much as possible or - where they cannot be avoided - apply them in accordance with the principles of proportionality, subsidiarity and efficiency. The NPM has seen these sectors devote a great deal of attention to these aspects over the past few years. However, there is still room for further improvement. Placement of youths in closed youth detention centres without authorisation from a juvenile court As monitoring efforts over the past few years have shown, closed youth detention facilities are still uncertain as to when youths in care may be subjected to freedom restrictions or detention. Care for these young people may be subject to multiple legal regimes. Based on information provided by the closed youth care institutions and the outcomes of unannounced site visits, protocols have been established for the placement of youths without authorisation for closed youth care at four locations. The expectations underlying assessment of these locations were elaborated into three minimum requirements. Seven providers (with a total of fourteen locations) met these minimum requirements. Four providers (with a total of six locations) largely met the minimum requirements, while two failed to meet all requirements. All closed youth care locations currently meet the minimum requirements. The NPM assumes that the formulation of these three minimum requirements has removed any uncertainty on the conditions for freedom restrictions and detainment. The three minimum requirements have been incorporated into the Responsible Youth Care assessment framework, the basis for monitoring of all closed youth care providers. 4 Table of conte nts