GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS prsp.htm). The adoption and implementation of a PRSP is a way for a state to demonstrate its commitment to realizing all human rights for citizens. Many authors agree that a successful PRPS requires a strong human rights perspective. Presumption of innocence: The fundamental principle of criminal law that a person may not be convicted of a crime unless guilt is proven beyond a reasonable doubt. The burden of proving innocence is generally not placed on the accused. Privacy: Freedom from arbitrary or unlawful interference. The right to privacy is guaranteed by Art. 17(1) ICCPR. The State should justify intrusions or interceptions of personal privacy, including the home, correspondence and communications. However, wide search, seizure, and break and entry powers (without warrant) can be exercised by officers or security forces in the interests of national security, public order or similar justifications. Private sector: The part of the economy that is not under direct government control. For instance, businesses may form part of the private sector. Project Activity Framework (PAF): An outline, within a UN Project Document, that sets standards against which to review or evaluate a project’s success. Programme activities that are predictable and important should be included in the project document and linked to the PAF. From the institution’s perspective, the strategic plan will generally be the starting point for an evaluation. The starting point from the UN perspective is usually a project document and in particular the Project Activity Framework. The two should coincide since the NHRI’s strategic plan should reflect what is in the PAF to the extent that the UNCT is supporting the NHRI. Strategic planning should be undertaken soon after the NHRI’s establishment and that plan should then form the basis for revising the PAF. Project Document: Defines the programme of action for a planned endeavour. The development of outcomes, indicators and targets are usually set out in broad terms in the strategic plan itself, but details of the activities and their costing should be contained in a workable action plan that focuses resources on activities that are both effective and coordinated. The plan should identify partners to work with; develop a realistic program of action to meet these challenges and overcome constraints. And it should set out costs (financial and personnel) of the program. In addition, the NHRI should develop mechanisms and processes to measure the degree to which the plan is being met and to take corrective action as required. Certain programme activity is both predictable and important and should be included in the initial project document. This would include: the preparation of core documents on human rights and the role of the NHRI, the design and delivery of public education programmes, and the design and delivery of training to key stakeholder groups: the police; prison officials; the army and security forces. Any review or evaluation has to assess capacity since the overall point of any Project Document is capacity development. Ratification: The act by which a State formally agrees to be legally bound by a treaty’s provisions. It usually requires the approval of the State’s legislative body (or bodies, in the case of federal States). A State that ratifies a treaty is called a “State Party” to that treaty. An agreement that is ratified is applicable and legally binding on the State Party. Some treaties do not enter into force until they have been ratified by a certain number of the States that have signed it. The number of ratifications required is specified in the text of the treaty. Re-accreditation: The ICC Rules of Procedure under sub-article 3(g) provide that: “Where the circumstances of any member of the group of National Institutions change in any way which may affect its compliance with the Paris Principles, that member shall notify the Chairperson of those changes and the Chairperson shall place the matter before the accreditation sub-committee for review of that member’s membership. Where, in the opinion of the Chairperson of the ICC or of any member of the accreditation sub-committee, it appears that the circumstances of any member of the group of National Institutions may have changed in any way which affects its compliance with the Paris Principles, the Chairperson or sub-committee may initiate a review of that member’s membership.” This review process constitutes re-accreditation. Remedy: In legal terms, the means by which a right is enforced or the violation of a right is prevented, redressed or compensated. Reservation: A reservation is a declaration made by a State by which it purports to exclude or alter the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their application to that State. A reservation enables a State to accept a multilateral treaty as a whole by giving it the possibility not to apply certain provisions with which it does not want to comply. Reservations can be made when the xix