10 GENDER PERSPECTIVES ON TORTURE: Law and Practice scene as law enforcement. Though not all participants are law enforcement, this role play allows for individuals throughout the system to better understand the obstacles that law enforcement faces when initially encountering survivors. Often included in this module are activities that discuss the process of obtaining the various remedies survivors may have access to within this specific system, including civil protective orders. The third module, “Prosecuting the Case,” focuses on aiding prosecutors in the presentation of the case. This includes activities focused on overcoming common defenses or educating the court about victim behavior. Like the second module, which is focused primarily on the work of law enforcement (this may depend on context), this module focuses primarily on the work of the prosecutor, although all participants are present. The presence of all stakeholders allows for open dialogue, and highlights opportunities for prosecutors, law enforcement, and other stakeholders to address gaps or create more efficient solutions to meet the needs of victims. This module may include small and large group discussions that center around how to question survivors on the stand in a manner that allows the judge (and jury, if applicable) to best understand the trauma affecting the survivor and how this may affect the attitude or demeanor of the survivor. These discussions are prompted by questions posed by the trainers and further development of the hypo­ thetical introduced in the previous modules. The fourth module, “Holding Offenders Accountable,” focuses on the role of judges. The con­ tent of activities in this module surrounds verdicts and sentencing. When addressing gender-based violence in the legal system, all stakeholders are faced with a difficult task, and judges are no different. Judges have the unique position within the system of wanting to protect victims while also protecting the rights of the accused, one that activities in this module may address through discussion. This module provides a unique opportunity to discuss different types of evidence that may be presented in a gender-based violence case and how this may differ from other cases that judges may commonly hear. Furthermore, it allows for other stakeholders to hear directly from judges regarding the difficulties in making findings or sentencing, giving other stakeholders a more complete picture of what and how evidence should be presented for a judge to hold an offender accountable in the particular system. This module continues to draw upon the hypothet­ ical survivor’s story, sometimes introducing a new scenario where the survivor is nervous while testifying and may give atypical answers while being questioned. This allows for judges to better understand the trauma response of survivors, which may aid in the judge’s decision-making. Finally, each Justice Institute generally ends with a forward-looking activity, allowing each par­ ticipant to outline goals and plan for the future. This activity focuses on the development of an individual and the professional action plan for each participant’s respective efforts in addressing gender-based violence. The action plan gives participants’ the opportunity to ‘map out’ a goal or challenge they want to work on when they go back to their organization, helping them identify the necessary time and resources. This allows each participant to leave the Justice Institute with a plan, ensuring that the momentum of the program is not lost and that participants seek to take what they have learned and continue to apply it in their work. c. The Five Pillars of the Justice Institute Model The Justice Institute focuses on building a coordinated community response to gender-based violence, by bringing together stakeholders and building knowledge and relationships to improve State investigation and prosecution and building greater understanding of the victim’s experience.