Artwork in Albania: The process of transformation from propaganda tool before the 90s to JT tool after the 90s 2.1. The institutionalization of artistic works during the period 1944 to 1990 The institutionalization of the artistic creativity was accomplished through establishment of the structures in every aspect of the art, all under the direction and supervision of Central Committee of PPSH and the Ministry of Education and Culture such as: The Committee for Culture and Arts; the creation of monopoly institutions for coordination of publications (reference: Publishing House “8 Nëntori [8 November]”); for film production (Kinostudio “Shqipëria sot [Albania today]”); The Writers’ League, etc. The aforementioned institutions created guidelines and definitions specifying the content to be seen in specific artistic works as illustrated by the document entitled “The class struggle in the work of art and the culture” as following: “The lessons of the Party and Comrade Enver, getting closer to the lives of the people, are the most important factors that have affected the lives of people, are the most important factors that have affected the level of maturity, the Marxist Leninist understanding of the workers of the culture and arts, and the greater premises for a better future of the work of our creative intelligence” 29 One-year plans for the art and culture approved the list of books for publication and translation; the topics of the exhibitions as well as the thematic lines of the musical creativity. Despite the specific lists, the one-year plan specified the overall lines of the aims that all political creativity should foresee, even if it was individual. In the list designated for 1978 (document entitled “Oneyear planes for 1978”), these goals were put forward: “ a. Ideological and politic education of working masses b. Technical-scientific education c. Relatively later is the direction of cultural work for the culture of living d. Artistic culture, as a special directio,n occupies a good place in the cultural activity of the masses (So, the proper education of artists, author’s note)”. 30 Therefore, if we take as reference the case of the theatrical materials, the “Directorate of Culture” determines in a directive way that it is peremptory to follow the ideology of the party and its predetermined goals: “First, in order to enhance the artistic level of theaters, it is required to better align the party orientations and the lessons of Comrade Enver…” 31 In all the cases, after the implementation of the predetermined plan of the artistic works, the institutions also carried out reports to measure the propagated effect. In one of the reports for internal use of the political actors of the Party of Labour of Albania in 1976 were highlighted the achievements related to the use of the books, through the efficient distribution and through public readings ina group, as an extension of the propaganda. “In the process of further deepening the ideological and cultural revolution, the propaganda of the book increased, especially with regard to propagation of Party materials, the works of Comrade Enver and the main political and social literature.” 32 Classification as an “artist” is considered by the dictatorial state as a profession closely linked to the promotion of the image of the cult of the leader of Enver Hoxha and the party: “An educated person is the one who tries to embrace the ideology and the line of the party and works with all the energy to put it into life…” 33 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Retrieved from Central State Archives, found 512, file 111, p.19. y.1975 Retrieved from Central State Archives, found 511, file 125, p.14. y.1977 Retrieved from Central State Archives, Fund 511. File 112, P.2. Y.1976 Retrieved from Central State Archives, Fund 551. File 106, P.10. Y.1976 Retrieved from Central State Archives, Fund 511. File 122, P.23 Y.1977 151