06 INTRODUCTION A NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY For convenience and brevity, in this guidance document the revised Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) are referred to as the “Mandela Rules”, following the commonly used practice for standards of this nature (e.g., the Bangkok Rules, the Beijing Rules). However, the ODIHR and PRI also encourage the continued use of the title Revised Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (SMR/Mandela Rules) in order to ensure recognition of the original 1955 Rules. The terms “ill‑treatment” and “torture and other ill‑treatment” are used to describe “torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”, as defined in the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). The word “prisoner” is used to describe imprisoned persons regardless of their legal status. Where there is a specific point to be made about the pre-trial status of prisoners, they are referred to as “detainees” or “pre-trial detainees”. The terms “children in prison”, “child prisoner” or “juvenile” refer to children who are in prison because they have been accused or convicted of a criminal offence. Children living in prison with an adult are referred to as such. The term “gender” refers to the roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society at a given time considers appropriate for men and women. In addition to the social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women and men and girls and boys, gender also refers to the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes.5 The term “principle of non-discrimination” or any other references to discrimination refer to Rule 2 of the Mandela Rules as well as Articles 2 para. 1 and Article 26 of the ICCPR stating that “there shall be no discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or any other status” and subsequent interpretative instruments. 5. See for example: Gender Equality Glossary, UN Women, at trainingcentre.unwomen.org/mod/glossary/view.php?id=36&mode=letter&hook=G. Guidance document on the Nelson Mandela Rules