3. INCIDENT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE RELEVANT RULES: INSTRUMENTS OF RESTRAINT (CONTINUED) Rule 48: 2. Instruments of restraint shall never be used on 1. When the imposition of instruments of restraint is women during labour, during childbirth and immediately authorized in accordance with paragraph 2 of rule 47, the following principles shall apply: after childbirth. no lesser form of control would be effective to address the risks posed by unrestricted movement; that would obviate the need for the imposition of instruments of restraint or reduce their intrusiveness. (b) The method of restraint shall be the least intrusive Rule 76: Rule 49: The prison administration should seek access (a) Instruments of restraint are to be imposed only when to, and provide training in the use of, control techniques method that is necessary and reasonably available to 1. Training referred to in paragraph 2 of rule 75 shall control the prisoner’s movement, based on the level and include, at a minimum, training on: (…) nature of the risks posed; (c) Security and safety, including the concept of (c) Instruments of restraint shall be imposed only for dynamic security, the use of force and instruments the time period required, and they are to be removed of restraint, and the management of violent offenders, as soon as possible after the risks posed by unrestricted with due consideration of preventive and defusing movement are no longer present. techniques, such as negotiation and mediation; WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? 3 03 80 Many new provisions in the Mandela Rules derive from the obligation of states to prevent and prohibit torture and other ill‑treatment, and to safeguard the dignity inherent to all human beings. The use of force, arms and instruments of restraint, by their very nature, pose particular risks in this regard. However, prison authorities are sometimes required to use them to protect the safety of individuals or the security of the facility when other methods of control have failed. The provisions incorporated in the revised Rules are meant to provide policymakers, prison management and staff, with guidance on how to balance the need to use force, arms and restraints with the obligation to respect the dignity of those subject to force. Guidance document on the Nelson Mandela Rules