3. INCIDENT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE 24 Monitoring bodies need to have full access to records of the use of restraints, including any audio and video recordings of restraints being used. PROMISING PRACTICE: DEBRIEFING FOLLOWING THE USE OF RESTRAINTS ON JUVENILE PRISONERS – ENGLAND AND WALES [3.3] In England and Wales, authorities are required to carry out a structured debriefing following the use of force or restraint on juveniles in prison, including with the staff directly involved in the incident and the young person subject to the use of force or restraint. The outcome of all debriefings should be recorded in writing. 3 The debriefing process has two stages. The first step consists of an initial debriefing, as soon as possible after the use of force, to check the wellbeing of the prisoner and to ensure he or she understands what has happened, why it was necessary and what is going to happen next. The second step consists of a full debriefing with the prisoner, which should then take place within 48 hours of the use of force or restraint and in the presence of a lawyer if the prisoner requests. The purpose of the full debriefing is to agree an action plan to encourage positive behaviour and to minimize the likelihood of needing to use physical restraint again in the future. 84 Prison staff also go through a two-step process to debrief the use of force of restraint. The first step consists of an initial debriefing, which is to be held as soon as practical after the use of force, to ascertain if staff need medical treatment and to make sure they know they are required to complete incident reports while the details are fresh in their memory. The second step consists of a full debriefing, which takes place after statements on the use of force have been completed, to ensure that all staff understand the context of the incident and to reflect on any lessons that can be learned for managing difficult behaviour in future.182 182 Training on the use of restraints 25 Training on the use of restraints should be regularly updated to reflect the introduction of new types of restraint, alternative methods of control and new medical studies on their impacts. 26 Rule 76(1)(c) also stipulates that relevant prison staff should be provided with training on the use of instruments of restraint “with due consideration of preventive and defusing techniques, such as negotiation and mediation”. This training should include real-life scenarios and practical exercises. 27 Only staff members who have been trained in the use of restraints should be authorized to use them. CONTEXT: TRAINING ON THE USE OF RESTRAINTS [3.4] Staff should receive training on the use of restraints before they enter active duty. Part of that training should involve having different instruments of restraints used on themselves. They will also require training updates during the course of their employment. All training should incorporate real life scenarios and practical exercises, and should include, as a minimum: – Training on all relevant laws, policies and procedures; – The instruments of restraint that can and cannot be used, and the risks associated with them – The criteria for their deployment; – How to use different instruments of restraint safely, legitimately and proportionately; – How to use force or arms to the minimum extent necessary, and how to determine when their use is no longer necessary; 182. Use of Force Implementation of Minimising and Managing Physical Restraint, Ministry of Justice Prison Service Instruction, 21 February 2014. Guidance document on the Nelson Mandela Rules