3. INCIDENT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE 61 Training on the use of force and arms should be regularly updated in response to particular incidents and to reflect the development or introduction of new types of arms or alternative methods of control and new findings, including on the health implications associated with using certain arms and methods of force. CONTEXT: TRAINING ON THE USE OF FORCE AND ARMS [3.5] All training on the use of force and arms should incorporate real life scenarios and practical exercises, and should include, as a minimum: – Training on all relevant laws, regulations and procedures, including on human rights law and standards; – Alternative, non-violent intervention techniques, including pre-emption and de-escalation techniques; – The type of force/arms that can and cannot be used, and the risks associated with them – The criteria for their deployment; – How to use different methods of force and different types of arms safely, legitimately and proportionately; – How to use force/arms safely to the minimum extent necessary, and how to determine when their use is no longer necessary; – Procedures for authorizing the use of force/arms; 3 – The requirements for documenting the use of force/arms. 90 Post-incident procedures 62 If the prison director is not available for prison staff to report the use of force immediately after it has taken place, as required by Rule 82(1), then the incident should be reported to another designated senior staff member. 63 Any use of force and arms, and the reason for its use, must be properly recorded in the prisoner file management system, in accordance with Rule 8(c). This is important to ensure that force and arms are only used legally and in accordance with agreed procedures. 64 The records should indicate, at a minimum, the type of force or arms used, the reason for its use, who applied it, who authorized its use and how long the incident lasted. The records should also include details of any injuries sustained as a result of the use of force or arms and the outcome of the use of force or arms. 65 In addition to recording the use of force and arms in individual files, prison administrations should keep a centralized register of disaggregated data concerning the use of force and arms. This data should be used to monitor and reduce the use of force and arms. Record keeping is important for safeguarding against the discriminatory use of force and arms and helps to ensure that safeguards are properly managed in all prisons. 66 Arms must be stored safely so that they can only be accessed by authorized members of prison staff. Each time a firearm is removed from storage and returned, the process should be recorded, including the time of removal and return of the firearm and the identity of the person who took and returned it. 67 Monitoring bodies need to have full access to records on the use of force and arms, including any audio and video recordings of force or arms being used. Guidance document on the Nelson Mandela Rules