Remedy Encompasses both a substantive right to reparations, as well as the procedural rights necessary to access reparations. In substance, this means adequate reparations for the harms suffered, which may include restitution, compensation, recovery, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition. In procedural terms, it refers to access to a competent and independent authority in order to successfully obtain reparations. At a minimum, this includes: the provision of information concerning rights, the reparations available and the existence of and modalities for accessing reparation mechanisms; legal, medical, psychological, social, administrative and other assistance necessary to seek remedies; and a reflection and recovery period for the trafficked person, followed by the granting of residence status while trafficked person seeks remedies.3 Return In the context of trafficking in human beings, the term refers to the process of returning victims of trafficking from the country in which they were identified as trafficked persons to their country of origin. The process can be voluntary, forced and assisted or, alternatively, forced and not assisted. In this document, the term is used to describe the situation of victims of trafficking who are forced to return. Returning state / country A state that has returned or is in the process of returning a trafficked person from its territory back to the victim’s country of origin. Separated children Children separated from both parents, or from their previous legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from their relatives. This can include children who are accompanied by adult family members other than their parents. Third-country nationals Any person who is not a citizen of an EU Member State. 3 3  See the concept of remedies as defined in the Draft Basic Principles on the right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons, developed by the UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, and presented by the Special Representative in her thematic report to the UN Human Rights Council in 2011 (A/ HRC/17/35). Guiding Principles on Human Rights in the Return of Trafficked Persons 9