 law enforcement equipment which if used in line with human rights standards has a legitimate purpose, but which is frequently misused for torture and other ill-treatment; whose manufacture, supply and use should be controlled. The report includes case studies illustrating how these types of equipment have been employed in torture and ill-treatment within the CoE. It provides recommendations for CoE member States to introduce and/or strengthen measures to effectively address the trade and use of such equipment. Whilst the report’s recommendations are designed to guide the introduction and/or strengthening of measures at a national level, the report is also intended to inform discussions within relevant CoE bodies - notably the Committee of Ministers and its Steering Committee on Human Rights - and thereby facilitate a CoE-wide process to introduce harmonised measures in this area. Omega believes that PACE Recommendation 2123 (2018) provides a strong framework on which the Committee of Ministers can now build, introducing effective CoE-wide measures to address the trade in tools of torture. Failure of CoE States to address this trade poses a great threat to human rights in Europe and around the world. In order to ensure that such CoE measures are effective and consistently implemented, Omega recommends that the Committee of Ministers should:  Call on all CoE member States to introduce regulations establishing national control systems for the trade in goods used for the death penalty, torture or other ill-treatment. Such regulations should, firstly, prohibit trade in all goods which have no practical use other than for the death penalty, torture or other ill-treatment. Secondly, such regulations should require prior authorisation for the transfer of goods designed for legitimate law enforcement use but which could be misused for torture or other illtreatment; with such authorisation to be withheld when there are reasonable grounds for believing that goods might be employed for capital punishment, torture or other ill-treatment by the end-user.  Issue a recommendation to member States setting out technical guidance on how to establish and implement an effective regulatory regime facilitating harmonised national systems amongst all CoE member States.  Establish a follow up process to assess the progress by CoE member States in implementing the Committee of Ministers recommendations on this issue. 10