3. Recommendations and Analysis: Addressing the Dynamics and Challenges of FTFs within a Human Rights Framework 3.1 Recommendations on the Nature, Scope and Definitions of FTFrelated Laws and Policies Recommendations OSCE participating States should: • Carefully define and limit the scope of activity covered by FTF-related laws and policies and ensure that responses are framed around the conduct of individuals, and clearly identified in law; • Adopt legislative provisions based on a definition of terrorism that follows the approach of UN Security Council Resolution 1566 (2004) and offences within the scope of international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism; • Avoid in law, policy and practice the use of vague or imprecise terms that are prone to arbitrary application, such as “extremism”, disconnected from specific violent conduct or incitement to violence, and ensure that terrorist designations meet due process standards; • Distinguish “foreign terrorist fighting” from participation in armed conflict consistently with international humanitarian law (IHL), and apply and interpret FTF-related measures consistently with, and in a way that does not undermine, the broader legal framework, including IHL; and • Provide appropriate safeguards for legitimate activity such as human rights and humanitarian work, including by women’s groups and organizations, and in particular exempt humanitarian work in conflict zones from restrictions designed to counter FTF-related acts. Guidelines for Addressing the Threats and Challenges of “Foreign Terrorist Fighters” 21