Accountability for the use of force and firearms All incidents of the use of force or firearms shall be reported to and reviewed by superior officials Superior officials shall be held responsible for the actions of police under their command if the superior official knew or should have known of abuses but failed to take concrete action Officials who refuse unlawful superior orders shall be given immunity Officials who commit abuses of these rules shall not be excused on the grounds that they were following superior orders Permissible circumstances for the use of firearms Firearms are to be used only in extreme circumstances Firearms are to be used only in self-defence or defence of others against imminent threat of death or serious injury or ° To prevent a particularly serious crime that involves a grave threat to life or 24