DEPRIVATION OF CHILDREN’S LIBERTY In breach with international standards that recommend that children should not be held in solitary confinement and that disciplinary measures and means of constraints are only used proportionately for security reasons, isolation and solitary confinement are still frequently used not only as a protective measure for the others and/or for themselves but also for disciplinary purpose. Other negative effects of deprivation of liberty on children are the lack or inadequacy of individualised care, treatment and/or educative programmes as well as the denial or limited access to physical activities, recreation, leisure, and contacts with the family and outside world which, on the one hand, prevents the accomplishment of the rehabilitation and reintegration into community’s purpose, and on the other, causes demotivation, idleness and contributes to risk of violence and ill-treatment.
 Whether the premises themselves respond to the children’s needs and particular rights, and the location of the premises from the child’s home and family are also potential sources of violations of their rights and can contribute to difficulties with reintegration. A lack of appropriate initial and on-going training of staff, and difficult working environments may also lead to inadequate treatment and care and to violation of children’s rights. Some children, due to their situation of particular vulnerability, are at heightened risk of being discriminated and/or abused and will require even more attention when it comes to safeguarding and prevention. This is the case for girls, foreign children or children on the move, children with mental health problems or with disabilities, children from ethnic or religious minorities and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or intersexual children. 27 2