18
other things, the length of stays in the security cells
and that, in some cases, inadequate administrative
decisions had been made. Some prisons have now
obtained clothing that should not be possible to
use for self-harm by twisting or tearing. This is an
important measure to ensure that inmates do not
have to be naked in the security cell. At the same
time, these clothes can be perceived as stigmatising,
unpleasant and an encroachment in itself, and they
should therefore only be used in situations involving
a concrete suicide risk. Apart from in this type of
situation, inmates should have their own or other
ordinary clothes from the institution.
" It is also emphasised in several
of the Parliamentary Ombudsman’s
reports that stays in security cells
constitute a particularly invasive
form of solitary confinement "
Regular supervision and regular conversations that
prevent people deprived of their liberty from feeling
isolated and helpless are important measures to
reduce the risk of suicide and of aggravating
mental illness. It is also emphasised in several of
the Parliamentary Ombudsman’s reports that stays
in security cells constitute a particularly invasive
form of solitary confinement. Reference was made
to existing knowledge that isolation can increase
the risk of suicide, self-harm and the development
of serious mental illness. The NPM’s experience to
date indicates that the risk of serious self-harm and
suicide is among the most commonly cited grounds
for administrative decisions placing someone in a
security cell. This gives cause for concern, given the
negative effect of solitary confinement on inmates’
NORWEGIAN PARLIAMENTARY OMBUDSMAN
National Preventive Mechanism against Torture and Ill-Treatment
ANNUAL REPORT 2015
mental health. A review of supervision logs kept for
security cells revealed instances in several prisons
whereby inmates reacted to the situation by becoming apathetic, by undressing, by urinating on the floor
and walls or by attempting to self-harm.
Using a restraint bed
Using a restraint bed is one of the most invasive
measures that can be legally used on someone. Like
other coercive measures, this measure is intended
to prevent an acute situation and is never to be used
in connection with treatment or as punishment. In
contrast to the correctional services, where health
personnel are not to be involved in decisions to use
a restraint bed, in mental health care it is health
personnel who decide and implement the use of a
restraint bed for committed patients. The unique
aspects of the role of health personnel in relation
to people deprived of their liberty are discussed
in a separate article (see page 23). The fact that
health personnel both treat and implement the use
of coercive measures creates special challenges
for relations with people deprived of their liberty
and reinforces the need for control mechanisms.
Supervisory commissions have been appointed for
mental health care institutions to review the use-offorce records, which include the use of restraint beds,
and to check that the use of such measures has a
legal basis and is properly documented.
Hospitals are urged to ensure that administrative
decisions to use restraint beds apply for the shortest
possible time. In mental health care, people who are
restrained using a restraint bed can also be forced
to take short-acting medication. The review of useof-force records during visits to mental health care
institutions revealed that the use of restraint beds
is often combined with injections of short-acting
medication.
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