01005765 Case File No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC E313 executed at Tuol Po Chrey.517 This policy to target Khmer Republic officials continued thereafter with executions, arrests and disappearances reported throughout Cambodia.518 173. Meanwhile, according to the Closing Order, throughout the DK era (17 April 1975 to 6 January 1979), there were widespread killings, torture, rape, physical violence, forced marriages, forced labour, disappearances, and/or other instances of inhumane treatment, some of which were carried out on discriminatory grounds.519 During the DK era, hundreds of thousands of Cambodians victimised by the Khmer Rouge regime sought refuge in Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.520 174. By 2008, the Documentation Center of Cambodia (“DC-Cam”) had identified an estimated 1.3 million human remains in 390 mass grave sites spread throughout Cambodia.521 Experts suggest that there is a high probability that those mass grave sites contain the remains of only a sample of those who died as a result of Khmer Rouge policies and actions during the DK era: it is likely that many grave sites have 517 Section 12: Tuol Po Chrey, para. 681. See Section 11: Movement of the Population (Phase Two); Section 14: Joint Criminal Enterprise. 519 Closing Order, paras 302-860 (Concerning allegations of mistreatment and violence at security centres, execution sites, cooperatives and worksites and treatment of specific groups throughout Cambodia). 520 Demographic Expert Report: Khmer Rouge Victims in Cambodia, April 1975-January 1979: A Critical Assessment of Major Estimates, E3/2413, 30 September 2009, p. 19, ERN (En) 00385262; T. 11 April 2013 (François PONCHAUD), pp. 57-58; Article by P. Heuveline: ‘Between One and Three Million’: Towards the Demographic Reconstruction of a Decade of Cambodian History (1970-79), E3/1799, 1998, p. 60, ERN (En) 00096735; French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Circular, Subject: Cambodian News, E3/2675, 1 December 1978, p. 12, ERN (En) 00752075. 521 DC-Cam Document: Burial, E3/2763, 18 February 2008 (16 sites in Banteay Meanchey each with the remains of between 50 and 25,000 people; 19 sites in Battambang with the remains of between 30 and 20,000 people; 75 sites in Kampong Cham with the remains of between 10 and 32,690; 40 sites in Kampong Chhnang with the remains of between 10 and 150,000 people; 24 sites in Kampong Speu with the remains of between 10 and more than 30,000; 17 sites in Kampong Thom with the remains of between 1 and 150,000 people; 14 sites in Kampot with the remains of between 40 and 32,047 people; 29 sites in Kandal with the remains of between 10 and 35,027 people; 10 sites in Kratie with the remains of between 50 and 7,000 people; 1 site in Mondulkiri with the remains of about 200 people; 4 sites in Phnom Penh with the remains of between 10 and 15,000 people; 36 sites in Prey Veng with the remains of between 30 and more than 17,200 people; 17 sites in Pursat with the remains of between 100 and 15,000 people; 3 sites in Ratanakiri with the remains of between 40 and more than 1,000 people; 24 sites in Siem Reap with the remains of between 12 and 36,000 people; 8 sites in Kampong Som (Sihanoukville) with the remains of between 100 and 1,500 people; 4 sites in Stung Treng, one site containing the remains of 1,000 people; 18 sites in Svay Rieng with the remains of between 40 and 30,000 people; 31 in Takeo with the remains of between 1 and 40,000 people); Demographic Expert Report: Khmer Rouge Victims in Cambodia, April 1975-January 1979: A Critical Assessment of Major Estimates, E3/2413, 30 September 2009, p. 7, ERN (En) 00385250; See also, DC-Cam Document: Mapping the Killing Fields of Cambodia, 1997: khet Kampong Thom, E3/2648, 1997. 518 Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public 98