01005804 Case File No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC E313 6. COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE 6.1. Methods of Communication 6.1.1. Telegrams 247. Prior to 1975, the CPK used telegrams to communicate both within Cambodia and externally with contacts in foreign countries. For example, telegrams were used to send messages between the Zones and the Party leaders in their headquarters, and also to make contact with FUNK and GRUNK representatives in Vietnam and China.772 248. After the seizure of Phnom Penh in 1975, CPK telegraph offices were established in the city.773 Telegrams were transmitted and received at K-18, and were encrypted or decrypted as necessary either at K-1 or at an office within Sothearos School.774 Zones, Autonomous Sectors, Sectors and Divisions around the country also maintained their own telegraph units.775 The system remained in place until the arrival of the Vietnamese in Phnom Penh in 1979.776 Telegrams were primarily used for long-distance communication; the various offices of the Party Centre would not typically use telegrams to contact each other within Phnom Penh.777 772 T. 31 July 2012 (ROCHOEM Ton alias PHY Phuon), p. 7; T. 11 December 2012 (PHAN Van), p. 99; T. 7 December 2011 (LONG Norin), pp. 69-70; T. 14 December 2012 (SUON Kanil), p. 54; T. 29 August 2012 (NORNG Sophang), pp. 44-45. From 1971 to 1975 IENG Sary acted as the FUNK/GRUNK ‘Special Envoy’ in China, charged with managing communications between the CPK and China, monitoring NORODOM Sihanouk on behalf of the CPK and recruiting FUNK/GRUNK intellectuals to the CPK: T. 25 July 2012 (ROCHOEM Ton alias PHY Phuon), pp. 97-98; T. 6 May 2013 (Philip SHORT), pp. 103, 104; IENG Sary Interview by Steve HEDER, E3/89, 17 December 1996, pp. 10-11, ERN (En) 00417608-00417609; Cambodia – Fall of the High Flyer (Far Eastern Economic Review), E3/3443, 22 August 1996, p. 1, ERN (En) 00149280; Samdech and Madame Sihanouk Arrive in Peking (Peking Review), E3/3710, 9 June 1972; Book by N. CHANDA: Brother Enemy: The War After The War, E3/2376, p. 70, ERN (En) 00192255; Book by E. BECKER: When The War Was Over, E3/20, 1986, p. 199, ERN (En) 00237904. 773 T. 29 August 2012 (NORNG Sophang), pp. 68-69. 774 T. 29 August 2012 (NORNG Sophang), pp. 56, 70-71; KUNG Sokha Interview Record, E3/465, 21 January 2008, p. 6, ERN (En) 00204758. 775 T. 29 August 2012 (NORNG Sophang), p. 55 (stating that “each base, zone and sector, and every unit of a division”, had communications and telegraph sections); T. 14 December 2012 (SUON Kanil), pp. 46, 95 (confirming that Zones, Sectors and battlefield commanders used telegrams); T. 7 June 2012 (SAO Sarun), p. 16 (giving the location of the telegraph office in Autonomous Sector 105); PHAN Sovannhan Interview Record, E3/44, 11 March 2009, pp. 3-4, ERN (En) 00295161-00295162 (confirming the existence of the telegraph office in Autonomous Sector 105); T. 4 October 2012 (MEAS Voeun), p. 22 (describing telegraph communication with a military Division). 776 T. 29 August 2012 (NORNG Sophang), p. 77. 777 T. 4 September 2012 (NORNG Sophang), p. 37; T. 30 May 2012 (NY Kan), p. 79; LONH Dos Interview Record, E3/70, 20 November 2009, p. 4, ERN (En) 00407788. Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public 137