01005731 Case File No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC E313 officers of the LON Nol regime were also identified as the key enemies. 336 The Party also looked inward to find its enemies identifying those within the party who stood in the way of the “great leap forward”, including soldiers, people in the North and Northwest Zones, and even members of the leadership.337 For example, in 1974, Prasith, a member of the Central Committee from the Southwest and an ethnic Thai, was accused by Mok of working for the Bangkok government and the CIA. 338 He was taken to the forest and killed. The policy of re-education and killing of enemies was also linked to the policy of collectivisation, as the process of moving people to rural areas and the reorganisation of people’s modes of life and production through the establishment of cooperatives helped Khmer Rouge cadres to ferret out and eliminate all those who were perceived to oppose the revolution, including government agents, spies and pacifist agents.339 For example, Khmer who had previously studied in Vietnam and had returned to Cambodia to assist in the revolution were later suspected of being enemies, brought together and smashed.340 Evidence concerning the nature Cambodian Army Anniversary (in FBIS Collection), E3/147, 17 January 1977, ERN (En) 00168467 (NUON Chea stating after 1961 it was the role of the secret defence units to defend the cadres and the people and to crush enemy intelligence agents). 336 T. 21 March 2012 (KAING Guek Eav), p. 26; T. 2 May 2012 (PEAN Khean), p. 67 (Phnom Penh was evacuated to facilitate the cleaning of the enemies which were the LON Nol soldiers). 337 T. 21 March 2012 (KAING Guek Eav), pp. 26, 41; T. 23 August 2012 (Civil Party EM Oeum), pp. 82-83 (this civil party attended several trainings where speakers, including POL Pot, NUON Chea and KHIEU Samphan, explained the meaning of the “great leap forward” which required moving to communism without going through socialism and insisting that those who could not make it would be considered to be the ‘enemy’); T. 27 August 2012 (Civil Party EM Oeum), pp. 32-33 (This civil party further clarified that those who obstructed the party’s affairs or did not perform well should be considered to be the ‘enemy’, adding that the Party expected any ‘good element’ to be able to distinguish a friend from an enemy without taking into account the fact that they may be a child, spouse or any other direct relative); T. 22 April 2013 (CHHOUK Rin), pp. 57-59 (according to this former Khmer Rouge soldier, many senior leaders of the Khmer Rouge army were arrested. They accused one another of being the enemy even though witness could not comprehend them being CIA or KGB agents); cf. T. 20 September 2012 (CHEA Say), p. 51 (those who did not work hard enough were reeducated, but not tortured); Document by KE Pauk: Autobiography of Ke Pauk from 1949-1985, E3/2782, undated, ERN (En) 00089713 (“Some soldiers served me since 1968, but they were accused of being CIAs.”) 338 T. 6 May 2013 (Philip SHORT), pp.19-20; See also, T. 7 May 2013 (Philip SHORT), pp. 76-77; Book by P. SHORT: Pol Pot: The History of a Nightmare, E3/9, 2004, pp. 259-260, ERN (En) 00396467-68 (“Prasith was not the first CPK cadre to be liquidated. Mok had already eliminated a number of lower-ranking officials […] This was the first time, however, that intra-Party conflict had reached into the ranks of the Central Committee. It was the first time, too, that the Party leadership had authorised the execution of one of its own number.”); T. 26 July 2012 (ROCHOEM Ton alias PHY Phuon), pp. 44-47 (recalling that Prasith did not attend the June 1974 Central Committee meeting and remarking this was not normal). 339 Revolutionary Flag, E3/5, August 1975, p. 8, ERN (En) 00401483. 340 T. 22 April 2013 (CHHOUK Rin), pp. 82-83 (Khmer who went to study in Hanoi during the Issarak regime and later returned to Cambodia in 1973 were targeted for arrests in Kampot. Several became Khmer Rouge, but the rest all disappeared); T. 19 July 2012 (David CHANDLER), p. 52 (700 Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public 64