MONITORING PLACES OF DETENTION : A PRACTICAL GUIDE 19 Monitoring includes the oral or written transmission of the results of the examination, as well as recommendations to the authorities concerned and to other actors involved in the protection of persons deprived of their liberty at the national and international level. It also includes follow-up regarding the implementation of recommendations conveyed to the authorities. Detainee The term “detainee” is used in different ways in different countries and even in different international documents. The term sometimes relates only to persons at the pretrial stage or under administrative detention, and not to convicted prisoners. In the present guide, the term “detainee” is used in its broadest possible sense to cover any person deprived of personal liberty as a result of arrest, administrative detention, pretrial detention or conviction and held in a place of detention (see below). Place of detention The term “place of detention” is also used here in a broad sense. It covers any place where a person is deprived of liberty: prisons, police stations, centres for foreigners or asylum seekers, centres for juveniles, social care homes, psychiatric institutions, prisons or cells for military personnel and any other place where people can be deprived of their liberty. Domestic visiting bodies This term refers to all arrangements at a domestic level (national, local or community) by which different types of independent bodies (national human rights institutions, ombudsman offices, special visiting bodies, national NGOs, citizens’ committees and other civil society groups) monitor places of detention.