security and correctional facilities. The Committee is further concerned at the continued issuance of security-risk certificates under the Immigration Act, which could lead to a breach of article 3 of the Convention, as the authorities may remove or deport a person deemed to constitute a threat to national security, without having to give detailed reasons or disclose classified information to the person concerned. The Committee is also concerned that the use of classified information by the State party for purposes of detention of asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants may result in a violation of their fundamental rights to due process, and may expose them to removal to countries where they might be at risk of torture (arts. 2 and 3). The State party should consider putting an end to the practice of detaining asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants in low security and correctional facilities, and ensure that grounds upon which asylum may be refused remain in compliance with international standards, especially the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Where there is a risk that a person may be subject to torture if returned to his or her country of origin, the State party should undertake a thorough assessment of his or her claim, in full compliance with the provisions of article 3 of the Convention. The State party should also ensure, as indicated by the delegation, that the right of detained asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants to habeas corpus and to an effective appeal is guaranteed under the Immigration Bill. Training of law enforcement personnel and immigration officials (7) The Committee notes that training on human rights obligations is provided for police recruits, prison personnel and armed forces. It is however concerned at the insufficient training provided to immigration officials and personnel employed at immigration detention centres (art. 10). The State party should ensure that education and training of all immigration officials and personnel, including medical personnel, employed at immigration detention centres, are conducted on a regular basis. The State party should also continue to ensure adequate training for personnel to detect signs of physical and psychological torture and ill-treatment of persons deprived of their liberty, and integrate the Istanbul Protocol (Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment and Punishment) in the training of all professionals involved in the investigation and documentation of torture. In addition, the State party should continue to assess the effectiveness and impact of all its training programmes on the prevention and protection from torture and ill-treatment. Juvenile justice (8) While welcoming the statement by the State Party whereby the Department of Corrections built four specialist youth units in male prisons in 2005, the Committee is concerned that juvenile offenders are not systematically separated from adult offenders, and in some cases, are still detained in police cells for several months. Furthermore, the Committee is concerned at the low age of criminal responsibility, and at the fact that special protection under the Children, Young Persons and their Families Act of 1989 is not accorded to all persons under 18 in conflict with the law. The Committee is also concerned that the State party has maintained its reservation to article 37 (c) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child on the mixing of young and adult offenders (arts. 11 and 16). The State party should: (a) Ensure the full implementation of juvenile justice standards as well the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules) and the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (the Riyadh Guidelines), and consequently raise the age of criminal responsibility in compliance with accepted international standards; (b) Ensure that the Bill amending the Children, Young Persons and their Families Act of 1989 is adopted in order to ensure that all persons under 18 in conflict with the law are accorded special protection; 104