JUSTICE FOR ALL 43 Ilias Bantekas, Michael Ashley Stein, Dimitris Anastasiou, The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: A Commentary (OUP 2018), Art 12. 44 General comment on Article 12: Equal recognition before the law, CRPD/C/11/4. 45 CRPD/C/CZE/CO/1, para. 28; CRPD/C/ BEL/CO/1, para. 28; CRPD/C/DNK/CO/1, para. 34; CRPD/C/DEU/CO/1, para. 31; CRPD/C/ITA/CO/1, para. 35; CRPD/C/ PRT/CO/1 para. 32; CRPD/C/SVK/CO/1 para. 43. 46 CRPD/C/ITA/CO/1, paras. 35-36; CRPD/C/ DEU/CO/1, para. 31. 47 CRPD/C/BEL/CO/1, para. 28; CRPD/C/ HRV/CO/1, para. 22; CRPD/C/CZE/ CO/1, para. 28; CRPD/C/DNK/CO/1, paras. 34-35; CRPD/C/DEU/CO/1, para. 32; CRPD/C/ITA/CO/1, para. 36; CRPD/C/ LUX/CO/1, paras. 28-29; CRPD/C/PRT/ CO/1, paras. 32-33. 62 31st General Report of the CPT, para. 73. 63 Council of Europe, Recommendation No. Rec(2004)10 of the Committee of Ministers to member States concerning the protection of the human rights and dignity of persons with mental disorder and its Explanatory Memorandum, para. 239. 64 Ilias Bantekas, Michael Ashley Stein, Dimitris Anastasiou, The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: A Commentary (OUP 2018), Article 14. 65 CRPD/C/CZE/CO/1, para. 28; CRPD/C/BEL/ CO/1, para. 28; CRPD/C/DNK/CO/1, para. 34; CRPD/C/DEU/CO/1, para. 31; CRPD/C/ ITA/CO/1, para. 35; CRPD/C/PRT/CO/1, para. 32; CRPD/C/SVK/CO/1, para. 43. 66 66 CRPD/C/BEL/CO/1, para. 28. 67 CRPD/C/DNK/CO/1, para. 34. 68 For more information, see: OHCHR, International standards on the right to liberty and security of persons with disabilities: Background note. 48 CRPD/C/ESP/CO/2-3, para. 27. 49 UNCRPD Committee, Noble v. Australia, CRPD/C/16/D/7/2012, para. 8.6. 69 50 UNCRPD Committee, Manuway (Kerry) Doolan v Australia, CRPD/C/22/D/18/2013; Christopher Leo v Australia, CRPD/C/22/D/17/2013. CCPR, General comment No. 35 Article 9 (Liberty and security of person), CCPR/C/ GC/35, para. 19; CCPR/C/BGR/CO/4; CCPR/C/FIN/CO/7; CCPR/C/LTU/CO/4. 70 CAT/C/NLD/CO/5-6, para. 21; CAT/C/LTU/ CO/3, para. 23; CAT/C/SWE/CO/6-7, para. 13; CAT/C/HRV/CO/4-5, para. 17; CAT/OP/ PRY/1, paras. 219-224; CAT/OP/ARG/1, paras. 94-102; CAT/OP/KGZ/1, paras. 111-120; CAT/OP/MLI/1, paras. 68-69. 71 ODIHR and Penal Reform International, Trainer’s Manual, Introduction to the Nelson Mandela Rules International Training Programme (2023). 72 A/HRC/10/48, para. 48; A/HRC/10/48, para. 49. 73 CEDAW/C/IND/CO/4-5, para. 37. 74 A/HRC/27/48/Add.5, paras. 60-61; A/ HRC/27/48/Add.4, paras. 116-117; A/ HRC/27/48/Add. 3, paras. 129-132, 148; A/HRC/30/37; A/HRC/27/47, para. 47. 75 Commission Recommendation of 8.12.2022 on procedural rights of suspects and accused persons subject to pre-trial detention and on material detention conditions C(2022) 8987 final. 76 ECtHR, Strazimiri v. Albania, no. 3602/16, para. 105. 77 ECtHR, Strazimiri v. Albania, no. 3602/16, para. 105. 78 ECtHR, W.D. v. Belgium, no. 73548/13; Claes v. Belgium, No. 43418/19. 51 UNCRPD Committee, Arturo Medina Vela v. Mexico, CRPD/C/22/D/32/2015. 52 For more information, see: https://www. un.org/development/desa/disabilities/ wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2020/10/ Access-to-Justice-EN.pdf 53 54 Commission Recommendation of 27 November 2013 on procedural safeguards for vulnerable persons suspected or accused in criminal proceedings. Commission Recommendation of 8.12.2022 on procedural rights of suspects and accused persons subject to pre-trial detention and on material detention conditions. 55 Concluding observations on the initial report of the European Union, CRPD/C/EU/CO/1. 56 Art 5, ECHR. 57 Separate Opinion of Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque in ECtHR, Ilnseher v. Germany, no. 10211/12 and 27505/14. 58 ECtHR, Bergmann v. Germany, no. 23279/14, § 124; W.P. v. Germany, no. 55594/13, paras. 65-66; Lorenz v. Austria, no. 11537/11, para. 61, paras. 61 and 64; and Kadusic v. Switzerland, no. 43977/13, paras. 56 and 59. 59 ECtHR, Rooman v. Belgium, no. 18052/11, para. 141-48. 79 60 ECtHR, Rooman v. Belgium, no. 18052/11, para. 141-48. ECtHR, Dybeku v. Albania, no 41153/06, para. 49. 80 61 For more information, see: ECtHR, Witold Litwa v. Poland, no. 26629/95, para. 78; Varbanov v. Bulgaria, no. 31365/96, para. 46. ECtHR, Naoumenko v. Ukraine, no. 42023/98, para. 112. 81 ECtHR, Claes v. Belgium, no. 43418/09, paras. 94-97; Murray v. The United Kingdom, no. 14310/88, para. 106. 139