34  •  Tolerance and Non-discrimination issues. The Office’s approach is based on strengthening the abilities of governments and civil society to recognize and address hate crimes and on the recording and reporting of hate crime data. A participant shares ideas at a Training Against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) training-of-trainers seminar organized by ODIHR in Warsaw, 24 July 2015. (OSCE/Agnieszka Rembowska) Working with law-enforcement and prosecutors OSCE participating States acknowledge that hate crimes pose a threat to security and may give rise to conflict and violence on a wider scale. ODIHR continues to work closely with lawenforcement agencies and prosecutors to assist them in identifying, investigating and successfully prosecuting hate crimes. Beatriz Balbin, OSCE/ODIHR First Deputy Director and Mr. Leszek Pietraszko, Director of the National School of Judiciary and Public Prosecution in Poland, at the signing of the memorandum of understanding for the implementation of the Prosecutors and Hate Crimes Training (PAHCT) Programme in Warsaw, 16 September 2015. (OSCE/Agnieszka Rembowska) In addition to efforts in Ukraine, ODIHR continued to expand the successful Training against Hate Crimes for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) programme, signing a memorandum of understanding with Lithuania and delivering workshops in Skopje, Vilnius and Riga. Police forces in Turkey and Valencia, Spain are expected to begin implementing TAHCLE in early 2016, following assessments that involved government officials and civil society groups. Following the launch of the Prosecutors and Hate Crimes Training (PAHCT) programme, in late 2014, ODIHR increased its work with prosecutors in July. Bulgaria became the first OSCE participating State to agree to implement the programme, followed by Poland in September. A pool of uniquely qualified international instructors was created to assist in these efforts, following a first training-of-trainers workshop held in May 2015. Hate crime reporting and recording As part of its reporting efforts, ODIHR published hate crime data for 2014 on 16 November. This included information provided by 43 OSCE participating States. Of these, 17 provided detailed police statistics according to ODIHR’s bias motivations. ODIHR also received information from 122 civil society groups, reporting incidents in 46 countries. This information was supplemented by data submitted by seven OSCE field operations, the UNHCR and the IOM. Despite increases in the amount of information provided to ODIHR, hate crimes remain widely under-reported.