1.7 Incarceration densities and over-occupation of prison institutions Statistical data used by prison authorities, total number of detainees at any given time and operational capacity of institutions, enables them to calculate an "incarceration density" defined as the comparison between these two indicators (numbers present per 100 operational places). The density for all institutions - 114.6 on 1 January 2015 - has no great significance as the indicator varies a great deal according to the type of institution: 92.2 for detention centres and detention centre quarters, 79.6 for long-stay prisons and long-stay prison quarters, 71.4 for institutions for minors, whilst for remand prisons and remand prison wings the average density was 132.7. Additionally this average by type of institution includes variations within each category: - of the 88 sentencing institutions, only 8 had a density higher than 100, including 3 detention centre wings in overseas territories and 4 day parole centres (2) and centres for reduced sentences (2) in Ile-de-France. In Metropolitan France this over-occupation concerned 469 detainees, i.e. 2.3% of detainees placed in sentencing institutions. - of the 135 remand prisons and remand prison wings, 26 had a density lower than or equal to 100 and 108 had a density greater than 100, of which 35 had a density higher than 150. Four remand prisons and remand prison wings exceeded 200, i.e. a population of detainees more than double the number of operational places (two in Metropolitan France and two overseas). Over-occupation of prison institutions is therefore limited to remand prisons by application of numerus clausus to sentencing institutions which are a little below declared operating capacity. For remand prisons, the increase in operational capacity (+ 2,008 places between 1 January 2005 and 1 January 2015) was less than that of the number of detainees (+3,742) and density is therefore higher in 2015 than in 2005. Over-occupation of an institution has consequences for all detainees in it, even if some cells have normal occupation (arrival wings. isolation wings etc.). It is therefore relevant to note the proportion of detainees based on the percentage of occupation of the remand prison where they are. On 1 January 2015, the large majority were affected by this situation of over-occupation (93%); more than one third (40%) of detainees in remand prisons or remand prison wings were in institutions where the density was greater than or equal to 150. Reference: « Statistiques pénitentiaires et parc carcéral, entre désencombrement et suroccupation (1996-2012) » (“Prison statistics and total incarceration, between clearance and over occupation (1996-2012)”), Criminocorpus 2014 (http://criminocorpus.revues.org/2734). 125