Logically, the indicators related to the occupancy rates in remand prisons and to the number of detainees per cell show predictions of change that, henceforth, will cause everyone to lose faith in the objective of individual cells in 2019: - the occupancy rate of places in remand prisons, 134% in 2013 and 2014, should increase to 135% in 2015 and will barely reduce to 132% and 131% in 2016 and 2017; - the number of detainees per cell should change in similarly modest limits, i.e. from 1.36% and 1.35% in 2013 and 2014, to 1.29% in 2015, stagnating at this level in 2016 and 2017. It is not easy to picture that by 2018 and 2019, sufficient progress will be made to achieve individual cells. It has been noted that reducing prison overcrowding and the damage to the objective of individual cells cannot result from real-estate measures. We therefore need to count on the changes of the population of offenders. The only way to reduce it is by reviewing certain prison practices, especially by seeking the development of alternatives to incarceration such as electronic tagging, work release or day parole, as well as by re-examining the suspension of sentences on medical grounds or even by the terms of judicial supervision and public service, or by inventing other forms of penal sanctions. It would also be appropriate to reflect on the execution of short or very short sentences, or on very old sentences. These measures were recommended by the CGLPL in the aforementioned Opinion of 2012. Nevertheless, setting up a prison regulation mechanism appears to be necessary today to guarantee the effectiveness of reducing overcrowding and the damage to the objective of individual cells. It therefore involves delaying incarceration when the accommodation capacity of a remand prison is full, and freeing certain detainees at the end of their sentence, by offering them aid, i.e. a project and oversight suited to their situation. The Contrôleur général spoke about this matter on 13 November 2014, during her hearing before the Law Commission of the National Assembly on the question of individual cells. It is the responsibility of the Government to set up means to effectively combat prison overcrowding, in addition to its project to increase the accommodation capacities, via an effective research of alternatives to incarceration and a prison regulation mechanism. The resources that are currently mobilised are not sufficient to achieve this. 2.2 The fact that the warders are understaffed causes a deterioration of the working conditions that has significant consequences on the detention conditions In September 2015, the closing of one building of the detention centre of Villenauxe-la-Grande7 due to insufficient warders, as reported by the press, highlighted a difficulty that is frequently observed by the teams of the Contrôleur général: the lack of staff in certain penal institutions. This phenomenon results from several causes that frequently add up. This leads to situations that are impossible to manage, such as in Villenauxe-la-Grande. The first cause of insufficient staff lies in the insufficient design of the reference organisation charts. In fact, certain institutions were designed from the start in the false belief that technology will replace humans and that 7 Institution not visited by the CGLPL in 2015. 24