E/CN.4/2006/6 page 15 disproportionate. But for the purpose of arresting a person suspected of having committed murder or a terrorist attack, the police may, of course, use firearms if other less intrusive methods prove ineffective. Nevertheless, the use of firearms causes serious physical injuries and severe pain and suffering. While it would definitely constitute an interference with the human right to physical integrity, as a proportional measure it would not constitute CIDT. If the police use non-excessive force for a lawful purpose, then even the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering simply does not reach the threshold of CIDT. 3 See, e.g., Burgers and Danelius, op. cit., p. 120; C. Ingelse, The UN Committee Against Torture: an assessment, London, 2001, p. 211; article 7 (2) (e) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. -----