the country; to recruit and train female investigators, and to encourage and support the establishment of civil society organizations to provide victims of sexual violence with support”.79 In some instances, the commission/mission recommended the establishment of an international reparation mechanism, for example, for Gaza (2009), the Mission called on the General Assembly to “establish an escrow fund to be used to pay adequate compensation to Palestinians who have suffered loss and damage as a result of unlawful acts attributable to Israel during the December-January military operation and actions in connection with it, and that the Government of Israel should pay the required amounts into such fund.”80 The Commission on Darfur (2004) called for the establishment by the Security Council of an international compensation commission.81 (iv) Witness protection-related recommendations generally calling upon the State concerned to ensure the protection of witnesses who cooperated with the commission/mission. For example, in Guinea (2009), the Commission called on the Government to “fulfil its obligations in this area [witness protection] and the commitments it has given to victims and witnesses, in particular those who have cooperated with the Commission, taking due account of gender specificities”. It also recommended to other States “to provide refuge in accordance with the provisions of international law governing asylum to all victims or witnesses who may be in danger”.82 (v) Institutional or legal reform – several commissions/missions have recommended institutional or legal reforms, in particular in regard to the security sector or the judiciary. For example, the Commission on Côte d’Ivoire (2011) recommended to the Government: “As part of the reform of its security institutions, ensure that the persons responsible for violations are not integrated into the national army or into any other security force and that a professional army that respects human rights is swiftly established”.83 The Commission for Timor-Leste (2006) recommended “the establishment of robust and independent police and military oversight mechanisms […] responsible for investigating complaints of police and military conduct”.84 (vi) Initiatives of the Human Rights Council – commissions/missions have addressed specific recommendations to the Human Rights Council to take initiatives usually to continue monitoring the situation or to ensure follow-up and implementation of recommendations to others. For example, in Togo (2000) the Commission 96 79 A/HRC/19/68, para. 127 (j). 80 A/HRC/12/48, para. 1971 (b). 81 S/2005/60, para. 649. 82 S/2009/693, para. 281 (a)-(b). 83 “Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Côte d’Ivoire” (A/HRC/17/48), para. 127 (d). 84 S/2006/822, para. 229. COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY AND FACT-FINDING MISSIONS ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW