(ii) Secretariat • Staff (including start-up, end-of-mission activities and witness protection) Costs include the salaries and allowances for secretariat staff for the entire duration of the mandate. The coordinator and other key secretariat staff are required to start working two to four weeks before the official start of the mandate, in order to finalize the establishment of the secretariat and other preparatory arrangements. End-ofmission activities, such as preparations for the formal presentation of the report, proper filing and archiving of documentation, completion of lessons learned process, also need to be budgeted for. It is good practice to ensure that budgets make provision for expenses related to follow-up activities that are necessary to help protect persons who have provided information to or otherwise cooperated with the commission/mission. This may involve the extended presence on the ground of an officer as a confidence-building measure and to take or facilitate measures to protect individuals at risk. • Consultancies Consultants are required for ad hoc, time-bound specialized expertise, for example a forensic pathologist. • Interpreters, translators, security officers Locally hired personnel, for example drivers, may also be required. (iii) Equipment and services to be procured • Equipment, including security and IT, to support the work of the commission/mission; • Items such as stationery, maps, satellite imagery; • Services such as analysis of audio or video material, forensic examinations. (iv) Travel • Travel of members to Geneva, the mission area or other locations, for example, neighbouring countries or areas where relevant sources of information can be accessed; • Travel of secretariat staff, security, interpreters and other personnel needed for field visits to the mission area or other relevant locations as above; • Travel of victims, witnesses and other sources inside or outside the country of inquiry, depending on the initial security assessment or expectations of access to the country for the commission/mission; • Travel of United Nations staff or consultants for activities related to post-investigation witness protection and follow-up. (v) Transport, communications and other administrative arrangements • These cover everything from the leasing of vehicles or other means of transport, to communication costs, renting of premises and shipment of materials gathered. GUIDANCE AND PRACTICE 29