also requested to devote specific attention to gender issues and the gendered impacts of violations in their reports and recommendations, as provided in Human Rights Council (HRC) resolution 23/25. CoIs/FFMs have increasingly sought to integrate a gender perspective into their work. In particular, since 2009, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) Investigators/Gender Advisers have been part of the secretariats of CoIs/FFMs, with the express function to support the integration of a gender perspective into their work.14 In 2011, the Secretary-General committed to “ensuring that all commissions of inquiry and related investigative bodies established by the United Nations … will have dedicated gender expertise and access to specific sexual violence investigative capacity, drawing on the support of UN-Women” (S/2011/598, para. 69). WHY INTEGRATE A GENDER PERSPECTIVE? Awareness of specific norms related to gender-based discrimination and adequate gender analysis can prevent the overlooking of critical human rights violations or abuses. For example, a lack of knowledge of standards applying to women in detention or male victims of sexual violence could result in overlooking specific obligations of duty bearers15 and making invisible violations suffered by segments of society. A gender analysis can strengthen investigations and reports by contributing to an analysis that addresses the adverse human rights impact that certain human rights situations or crises can have on different people, including women, men, girls and boys, as well as LGBTI persons or persons with non-binary gender identities. This gender-sensitive analysis can therefore contribute to the better tailoring of recommendations and the response to violations. Analysis of pre-existing gender-based discrimination can contribute to making visible ensuing violations or the compounded impact of violations on certain populations. For example, discrimination in matters related to nationality can disproportionately result in statelessness for women and their children, and discriminatory access to natural or income-generating resources can compound the effects of displacement and armed hostilities on women and girls. A lack of gender analysis often results in the experiences of women or LGBTI persons being made invisible or reduced to instances of victimization, perpetuating a narrative that downplays the agency of women and girls or LGBTI persons. Since 2009, OHCHR has been working closely with UN Women to provide most CoIs/FFMs with at least one SGBV Investigator or Gender Adviser, deployed from a joint Justice Rapid Response-UN Women experts’ roster. 14 The term “duty bearer” refers to those actors who have international human rights obligations or have the responsibility to respect, protect, and fulfil human rights. It usually refers to state actors, but non-state actors can also be considered duty bearers. 15 11