I experiences to be analysed.30 The findings of the mapping should inform legal analysis of the legal framework and ensure that deficiencies in the laws are discussed in the report and its recommendations; I N T E G R AT I N G A G E N D E R P E R S P E C T I V E I N T O H U M A N R I G H T S I N V E S T I G AT I O N S • G U I D A N C E A N D P R A C T I C E violence should be seen within the larger context of any pre-existing inequalities. Example • Identify protection gaps that might create obstacles for the reporting of some violations. For instance, the fear of prosecution due to the criminalization of homosexuality or samesex sexual relationships or the criminalization of adultery might inhibit the reporting of rape by both male and female victims and survivors; “Transactional sex and prostitution are also rife … as women voluntarily submit to men for food, money, travel or to avoid a fine or other punishment. These activities, driven by the need for survival by vulnerable persons, are the consequence of the structural problem of food shortage and gender discrimination. Such structural problems are also major contributing factors to the high levels of trafficking in women and girls.” (A/HRC/25/CRP.1, para. 320) • Consult recommendations and country reports by relevant human rights mechanisms such as: the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW Committee);31 the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR); the Committee against Torture (CAT); the Human Rights Committee; the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC); the special procedures, for example, the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children and the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons; and the Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice (WGDAW); as well as information provided by the OHCHR’s field presences, Gender Advisers, United Nations agencies and entities, non-governmental organizations and other sources. In order to understand the context, the team might choose to: • Map the human rights situation of women, men and others in the country by surveying open source materials and gain an overview of the legal, economic, political, cultural and social challenges women, men and others face. Pay attention to intersecting forms of discrimination based on ethnicity, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, class and other status. Map the relevant actors/perpetrators and their roles, power/ influence, needs and interests; • Map any explicit or implicit, direct or indirect discriminatory norms or provisions contained in the national constitution or legislative and customary laws and policies. Protection gaps, as well as legal, social and economic barriers to access to justice, in fact have a direct bearing on women and men’s For additional material on women’s access to justice and SGBV in the context of transitional justice, see A/HRC/27/21 and CEDAW general recommendation No. 33 (2015). 30 Country reports to the CEDAW Committee are available at https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/TreatyBodyExternal/ Countries.aspx. 31 20