I N T E G R AT I N G A G E N D E R P E R S P E C T I V E I N T O H U M A N R I G H T S I N V E S T I G AT I O N S • G U I D A N C E A N D P R A C T I C E II Investigation Investigation and information-gathering primary sources (such as victims, witnesses, Human Rights Officers’ direct observations at the locations where events occurred and declarations by alleged perpetrators) and secondary sources (such as second-hand testimonies, the media, information provided by United Nations entities, humanitarian actors, civil society actors, medical or forensic reports and certificates). Information comes in various forms: oral testimony, documents, video material, photographs, personal observations and satellite images.33 In particular, Human Rights Officers should map out the most relevant sources of information that would contribute to a gender analysis. These may include the following, for instance: During the documentation and investigation phase, information should be gathered from a wide range of sources to allow for a comprehensive analysis of violations or abuses and possible gendered impacts suffered by women, men and others and to reveal preexisting forms of violence and discrimination. In addition to considering various sources of information that will be useful to an investigation, this chapter will provide guidance on collecting and organizing gender-related data, as well as strategies to overcome some of the challenges that may present themselves during the information-gathering process. A • Victims and witnesses of any practices of GBV and other gender-related violations. In addition, Human Rights Officers should be mindful to ask the relevant question in all interviews (not only of GBV victims INFORMATION-GATHERING AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION See OHCHR, Commissions of Inquiry and Fact-finding Missions on International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (2015), p. 42. 33 Depending on the mandate and the context, main sources of information may include 24