52
MAMATKULOV AND ASKAROV v. TURKEY JUDGMENT –
JOINT PARTLY DISSENTING OPINION
145. The precedent described above was recently confirmed by the
Court, in connexion with its own provisional measures – which had not
been heeded by the defendant State – in Čonka v. Belgium ((dec.), no.
51564/99, 13 March 2001). The majority's view in the present case – that in
Cruz Varas the Court had examined the Commission's power to order
interim measures and not its own – is not very persuasive in the light of the
Čonka decision, where the Court reiterated the principles set out in Cruz
Varas with regard to its own jurisdiction. We do not think that there has
been any change since Čonka which would justify the Court on a reexamination of its case-law reaching a diametrically opposite conclusion.
As stated in the present judgment, “in the interests of legal certainty and
foreseeability, [the Court] should not depart, without good reason, from its
own precedents” (see paragraph 121).
146. The above-mentioned case-law means, in essence, that while the
Court is entitled to interpret the provisions of the Convention it may not –
by way of interpretation or through the enactment of rules of procedure, or
both – write new rules into the Convention, not even if there is a fairly
widespread practice in the desired sense, as long as that practice is not
uniform (see Belgium's attitude in Čonka or that of Turkey in the present
instance), accompanied by a corresponding opinio juris. Only the States
Parties as a whole may amend the Convention by supplementing it. A
comment to be added here is that if the binding character of interim
measures could be derived from the necessity of giving full effect to the
right of individual application enshrined in Article 34 of the Convention,
what would the situation in inter-State cases be? Would measures indicated
in such cases continue to be optional? Or would they be considered binding,
by analogy, to give the fullest effect possible to Article 33 (inter-State
cases) of the Convention?
3. The case-law of the ICJ: LaGrand
147. The Court's judgment relies on the recent decision of the ICJ in
LaGrand (judgment of 27 June 2001, ICJ Reports 2001, §§ 48 and 117).
This reliance seems misguided, as there is an essential difference between
the position in which the ICJ found itself and this Court's situation.
148. In LaGrand the ICJ was called upon to interpret a provision of its
own constitutive treaty, that is, Article 41 of its Statute. The States Parties to
that Statute had unquestionably acquiesced in that Article and were bound
by it. Consequently, the issue was one of pure treaty interpretation, namely,
whether the verb “indicated” used in Article 41 must be taken to mean that
measures formulated under that provision are binding on the States parties
to the dispute. After years of avoiding coming to grips with this issue, the
ICJ, in LaGrand, reached an affirmative conclusion, basing itself on the
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