lecturers are recruited from the public. Vocational training is lacking in the Centre and recreational activities are limited to indoor games such as table tennis. There is no space for out door games such as football and volleyball. There is also a small clinic in the Centre with a full time nurse. The clinic provides only first aid treatment for minor illnesses and major medical problems are referred to hospital. The cells are seriously overcrowded. The juveniles complained that authorities assault them and beat them on their feet with hose pipes. Some of them claimed they had swollen feet for days.15 They claim it is difficult to complain to the Head of prison or bring charges because they are not even allowed to meet the Head and the same people through whom they can channel their complaints are the ones abusing them. They also complained that the food is of poor quality – that the kitchen is always dirty and the cooks wear dirty clothes.16 Another serious complain was that while the authorities have banned smoking for juveniles, they (the authorities) smoke cigarettes in front of the juveniles. Juveniles with contagious diseases such as TB are not separated from others and they use the same utensils with others. The Stanger prison In the Stanger prison, while the entire prison is hard hit with the lack of facilities, the juvenile cell is seriously affected. The cells are overcrowded - the inmates sleep virtually in twos on small mattresses and are locked up for most of the time as there are no in-door or out door activities. The toilet bowls in some of the cells are broken and water was leaking. The prisoners have no beds and have been provided with blankets and very thin mattresses. Only the female section has beds. There is a single television for the entire prison and they are only allowed thirty minutes to watch it. There is no formal or vocational education of any sort. The juveniles also complained about assault and excessive force during searches. The Leeuwkop Juvenile Centre The Leeuwkop Juvenile Centre has a total of 30 cells with an approved capacity of 723 but at the time of the visit had 942 prisoners representing 130.29% occupation. The Centre has a small woodwork shop, a metal workshop, painting and bricklaying and building area. There is also formal education provided for interested inmates. However, there are insufficient venues to conduct programmes. Only one venue is available for conducting programmes and this is usually shared with social workers, psychologists, religious workers and NGOs. There are only five class rooms for over 350 students and this shortage of classrooms restricts the registration of more students. According to the authorities, during winter, the structure is very cold and during summer it becomes very hot. 15 We could not confirm this because they claimed the swellings had subsided and we didn’t have an independent doctor to ascertain the allegations. We however raised the complaints with the authorities – Head of prison. 16 At the time of the visit, the kitchen was relatively clean and we did not meet the cooks as they had already finished cooking. 45