Compendium of Standards, Good Practices and Recommendations Box 7.1: Subject matter of collective consultation227 Health and safety Housing Other social benefits Pay Promotion procedures Drafting of regulations Albania, Albania, Albania, Albania, Cyprus, Albania, Albania, Austria, Cyprus, Austria, Austria, Cyprus, Ireland, Italy, Austria, Austria, Finland, the Czech Azerbaijan, the the Czech Montenegro, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Republic, Czech Republic, Republic, Norway, Montenegro, Ireland, Italy, Denmark, Denmark, Italy, Finland, Poland, Sweden, Montenegro, Finland, Ireland, Montenegro, Germany, Slovakia Switzerland Norway, Italy, Malta, Norway, Ireland, Italy, Slovenia, Slovenia, Montenegro Poland, Malta,228 Sweden Switzerland Norway, Slovakia, Montenegro, Switzerland, Poland, Sweden, Norway the United Slovakia, Switzerland, Slovenia, the United Sweden, Kingdom Kingdom229 Switzerland, the United Kingdom Where military associations exist, they vary in nature from country to country.230 Some major variations concern the extent to which they are autonomous, their links with external professional unions or federations, and whether they are legally permitted to engage in collective action. In Germany and Sweden, for example, independent military associations exist that are financed by members’ fees and employ their own advisory staff. In other states, such as Poland, funding comes from the Ministry of Defence. It is more common for associations to define themselves as bodies representing professional service personnel rather than as military unions, although this is partly a consequence of the legal culture in specific countries. It is less common for military associations to have links with external confederations of trade unions, although this is the case in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden. In other states, military associations have joined umbrella associations representing professionals or public servants. In addition, many military associations or unions are members of international associations promoting the interests of armed forces personnel. The largest of these is the European Organisation of Military Associations and Trade Unions 227 Responses to the ODIHR-DCAF 2018 questionnaire, qu. 18. 228 Includes the working conditions and environment of personnel. 229 Consultations also take place on pensions. 230 See: “Do soldiers have staff associations and trade unions?”, EUROMIL, http://euromil.org/who-we-are. 107